饲粮纤维源对仔猪生长性能、肠道发育及其消化酶活性的影响

通过检测饲粮中添加不同来源的纤维对猪生长性能、肠道发育及其消化酶活性的影响,初步探讨饲粮纤维源调控仔猪肠道健康的可能机制。试验共选取健康状况良好、体重均一[(9.26±0.17) kg]的仔猪840头(杜×长×大;32日龄),随机分为3个处理组:对照组(control group, CG),苜蓿草粉组(alfalfa meal group, AG),商品浓缩纤维组(commodity concentrated fiber, OG),每个处理4个重复,每个重复70头仔猪。预试期3 d,试验于35日龄开始,60日龄结束时屠宰取样,测量肠道重量及长度,观察小肠段绒毛形态结构并测定消化酶活性。结果发现,AG较CG显著降低仔猪的腹泻率(P<0.05),但对仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比均无显著影响(P>0.05);AG、OG较CG显著提高仔猪的大肠段长度和重量(P<0.05);AG较CG改善了空肠的绒毛高度及绒隐比(P>0.05),AG较OG显著提高了空肠的绒毛高度及绒隐比(P<0.05),OG较CG显著提高了回肠的绒毛高度(P<0.05);OG较CG显著降低了空肠中淀粉酶活性(P<0.05),AG较CG、OG显著提高了糜蛋白酶活性(P<0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加适量的苜蓿草粉可以促进仔猪的肠道发育,降低仔猪腹泻率,从而有利于仔猪生长发育。

Effects of different dietary fiber on growth performance,intestinal development and digestive enzyme activity of piglets

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different types of dietary fiber on the growth performance, intestinal development and digestive enzyme activities of piglets. A total of 840 piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Large×White, aged 32 days) with a body weight of (9.26±0.17) kg were randomly allotted to three treatments: a basic diet group (CG), an alfalfa meal group(AG) and a commodity fiber concentrate group(OG). Each treatment included four replicated pens with 70 piglets apiece. Intestinal weight and length, the small intestine villus morphology structure and its digestive enzyme activity concentration were measured after 25 days. The results showed that compared with CG, AG significantly reduced the piglets’ diarrhea rate (P<0.05), but that it had no significant effects on average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) or the feed:gain ratio (P>0.05). Compared with CG, AG and OG significantly increased the length and weight of piglets’ large intestine (P<0.05), while AG improved the villus height (VH) and villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) of jejunum (P>0.05). Compared with OG, AG significantly increased VH and VH/CD (P<0.05). Compared with CG, OG significantly increased ileum VH (P<0.05) and significantly decreased amylase activity in jejunum (P<0.05). Compared with CG and OG, AG significantly increased chymotrypsin activity (P<0.05). These results show that adding appropriate amounts of alfalfa meal to piglets’ diet could promote intestinal development and reduce diarrhea rates, thus facilitating their growth and development.