藏南农牧交错带农牧互作模式下土地利用效益耦合度分析

农牧耦合是提升农牧交错带生态系统综合效益的有效途径之一。研究采用土地利用耦合模型,定量分析了西藏藏南地区“牧繁农育”和“农草牧补”两种农牧耦合模式土地利用社会经济效益和生态环境效益的耦合度。结果表明,2008-2016年“牧繁农育”模式的土地利用生态环境效益和社会经济效益均呈逐渐增加的趋势,“农草牧补”模式的土地利用生态环境效益虽呈增加趋势,但社会经济效益处于波动状的稳定状态;虽然“牧繁农育”模式和“农草牧补”模式均处于协调发展状态,但“牧繁农育”土地利用社会经济效益与生态环境效益较“农草牧补”随年际的变化具有相对稳定性,这为类似地区定量评价农牧耦合模型效益提供了范式。

Coupling degree as a measure of land use efficiency under two interaction patterns between arable farming and pastoral grazing systems in the agricultural-pastoral transition zone in Southern Tibet

The coupling of spatially separated arable farming and pastoral grazing systems is one of the effective ways to increase the overall productive capacity of larger geographic regions in a climate transition zone. The coupling model of land use was used in this study to quantify the coupling degree of socio-economic benefits and ecological-environmental benefits under two interaction patterns of farming and pastoral grazing systems in Southern Tibet: (i) ‘breeding’ animals in a pastoral grazing region, and ‘fattening’ them in farming region, or (ii) ‘carrying forage’ from a farming region to pastoral grazing region for consumption by livestock. This study showed that the socio-economic benefits and ecological-environmental benefits from breeding animals in a pastoral grazing region and fattening them in a farming region gradually increased from 2008 to 2016. The ecological-environmental benefits of carrying forage from arable farming regions to livestock in pastoral grazing regions also showed a rising trend during the same period. However, the socio-economic benefits of the latter system displayed a wave-like dynamic state. The coupling degrees for the two interaction patterns of arable farming and pastoral grazing were in a state of coordinated development; however, the pattern of breeding animals in pastoral grazing regions and fattening them in arable farming regions was more sustainable than that of carrying forage from farming regions to pastoral regions for livestock use. These results provide a paradigm to quantify the coupling model of land use efficiency under two alternative interaction patterns linking arable farming and pastoral grazing land use in neighboring regions.