S3307和DTA-6对芸豆生殖生长阶段光合特性和产量的影响

为研究调节剂对芸豆光合作用及产量的调控机制,选用英国红芸豆为试验材料,采用大田完全随机试验方法,以初花期叶面喷施调节剂为处理,以喷施清水为对照,研究了50 mg·L^-1烯效唑(S₃₃₀₇)和50 mg·L^-1胺鲜酯(DTA-6)对芸豆开花期、结荚期和鼓粒期光合相关指标和产量的调控效应。结果表明:1)除DTA-6在结荚期的净光合速率略小外,S₃₃₀₇和DTA-6均不同程度地提高了开花期至鼓粒期的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶面积指数。2)S₃₃₀₇可提高结荚期至鼓粒期的叶绿素含量,DTA-6可降低开花期至鼓粒期叶绿素的分解速率。3)S₃₃₀₇和DTA-6可提高芸豆各时期的地上部单株干物质积累量,尤其是鼓粒期作用效果更显著,S₃₃₀₇和DTA-6较CK分别增加了14.55%和36.05%。4)与CK相比,S₃₃₀₇和DTA-6降低了开花期至鼓粒期的茎叶分配率,显著提高了鼓粒期的荚分配率,促进了植物同化物质由“源(叶)”向“库(籽粒)”的转移。5)S₃₃₀₇极显著提高了芸豆单株荚数,DTA-6极显著提高了单株荚数,显著提高了单株粒重,且S₃₃₀₇和DTA-6均显著提高了产量,分别较CK增产4.30%和10.16%。综合分析可知,S₃₃₀₇和DTA-6可有效提高芸豆生殖生长阶段的光合作用能力,促进植物的干物质积累以及荚的分配,提高芸豆产量,且DTA-6的增产率更高。

Effects of S3307 and DTA-6 on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of kidney bean plants in the reproductive stage

A study has been undertaken to investigate the photosynthesis and yield mechanisms of two plant growth regulators in kidney beans. Using “Yingguohong” as test material, leaves at the early flowering stage were sprayed with of 50 mg·L^-1 uniconazole (S₃₃₀₇) and 50 mg·L^-1 diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DTA-6) in order to study the regulators’ effects on photosynthetic characteristics at the flowering, podding and grain-filling stages, as well as on plant yields. The results showed that: 1) Except for the slightly lower net photosynthetic rate of DTA-6 at the podding stage, both S₃₃₀₇ and DTA-6 increased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and leaf area index of kidney bean plants. 2) S₃₃₀₇ increased chlorophyll content during the podding to grain-filling stages, whereas DTA-6 reduced the rate of chlorophyll decomposition from the flowering to grain-filling stages. 3) S₃₃₀₇ and DTA-6 increased above-ground single plant biomass accumulation at different stages, with the effects of the two regulators being the most significant at the grain-filling stage. Compared with CK, single plant biomass accumulation of S₃₃₀₇ increased by 14.55% and 36.05% respectively. 4) S₃₃₀₇ and DTA-6 decreased the shoot-leaf partitioning rate from the flowering to grain-filling stages, significantly increased the pod distribution rate and promoted the transfer of assimilation material from “source (leaf)” to “sink (kernel)”. The pod distribution rate of S₃₃₀₇ was 2.24% higher than that of DTA-6 and the decrease rate of the leaf area index was larger. 5) S₃₃₀₇ significantly increased pod number, while DTA-6 significantly increased the pods per plant and grain weight per plant. S₃₃₀₇ and DTA-6 significantly increased yield by 4.30% and 10.16% respectively compared with the control. Comprehensive analysis showed that both S₃₃₀₇ and DTA-6 effectively improve photosynthesis during the reproductive stage of kidney beans, promote single plant biomass accumulation and the distribution of pods, and significantly increase yield, with the rate of increase for DTA-6 being higher than S₃₃₀₇.