双粒高粱发育的细胞学特点研究

为明确双粒高粱的形态解剖结构及发育过程，完善高粱的形态解剖理论，探索双粒高粱形成的细胞学机制，以ISD-1 双粒高粱为材料，利用常规石蜡制片法，对其子房和花药的发育过程进行了细胞学观察。通过对双粒高粱雌、雄配子体发育的细胞学研究发现，双粒高粱无柄小穗中可育花的雌蕊基部膨大为2 个大小不同的腔，中间有分隔层，在2 个腔内各有3 个花药和1 个子房。大腔和小腔的发育无先后顺序之分。2 个腔内胚珠的发育、大孢子的形成、花药的发育、小孢子的形成都是不同步的。花药的发育与传统的形式不同，先发育成1 个或2 个花粉囊再相互结合成完整的花药。与单粒高粱相比，双粒高粱具有独特的细胞发育特点，初步揭示了双粒高粱的形成是由于雌蕊分化为2 个腔，且每个腔具有完整的花药和子房结构。这对于完善高粱的形态解剖理论有重要的意义。

Cytology Characteristics of Double Grain Sorghum Development

In order to figure out morphological and anatomical structures of double grain sorghum and its development process, improve the morphological and anatomical theory of sorghum, and explore cytological mechanism of forming process of double grain sorghum, double grain sorghum ISD-1 was used as material, and the ovary and anther development processes were observed with the traditional paraffin section method. Through cytology study on the female and male gametophyte development of double grain sorghum, it found that the pistil base of double grain sorghum fertile flowers of sessile spikelet grew into two different sized cavities. A spacer layer was between them, there were three anthers and an ovary in each cavity. The development of small and large cavities was in no particular order. The ovules, megasporogenesis, anther development and microsporogenesis were out of sync in two cavities. Anther development was different from traditional form. Anther first developed into one or two pollen sacs, and then the pollen sacs integrated into one complete anther. Compared with single grain sorghum, there were some distinct cytological characteristics in double grain sorghum. This study initially revealed that the reason for double grain sorghum formation was its pistil was divided into two cavities, and these cavities had complete structure of anther and ovary. The study is of significance to optimize the morphological and anatomical theory of sorghum.