生物有机肥对茄子青枯病的防治及其机理探讨

【目的】研究生物有机肥（BIO-36和BIO-23）对茄子青枯病的防治效果及其对植株体内酶活性、根际微生物数量的影响，并对其作用机理进行探讨。【方法】将枯草芽孢杆菌菌株（II-36和I-23）发酵后与腐熟有机肥（猪粪堆肥和氨基酸有机肥）混合进行二次发酵，获得了茄子专用生物有机肥料（BIO-36和BIO-23），采用盆栽试验，对上述2种生物有机肥防治茄子青枯病的效果进行验证。【结果】2种肥料都能抑制茄子青枯病（防病效果分别为96%和91%），植株叶片中CAT(过氧化氢酶)、POD（过氧化物酶）和SOD（超氧化物歧化酶）酶活性显著提高，而MDA（丙二醛）含量显著下降，叶片中CAT酶活性分别比对照增加了25.0%和23.7%，POD酶活性分别增加了99.5%和93.6%，SOD酶活性分别增加了32.7%和29.8%，MDA含量分别比对照降低了29.5%和26.3%。此外，根际土壤的真菌、放线菌数量显著提高，细菌数量增加幅度不大，青枯劳尔氏菌数量显著减少。【结论】生物有机肥对茄子青枯病的防治作用与诱导茄子系统抗性和调控土壤微生物群落结构有关。

Control Effect and Action Mechanism Research of Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Eggplant Bacterial Wilt

【Objective】The objective of this study is to research the effect of bio-organic fertilizer BIO-36 and BIO-23 on eggplant bacterial wilt,enzyme activities and rhizosphere soil microbial.【Method】 The organic fertilizer(pig manure compost and amino acid fertilizer) were innoculated with Bacillus subtilis strain II-36 and I-23 for a second solid fermentation to produce the specific bio-organic fertilizer BIO-36 and BIO-23.A pot experiment was used to identify the control effect.【Result】 The bio-organic fertilizer inhibited the eggplant wilt disease(antagonistic effect,respectively,96% and 91%).The activities of antioxidases(catalase,peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) in eggplant leaves were significantly higher,but the content of MDA was reduced remarkably.CAT activities for BIO-36 and BIO-23 increased by 25.0% and 23.7% respectively as compared with the control,the activities of POD increased by 99.5% and 93.6% and that of SOD increased by 32.7% and 29.8%,respectively,while the contents of MDA decreased by respectively 29.5% and 26.3%,respectively comparing with control.In addition,the application of bio-organic fertilizer changed microbial communities in rhizosphere soil significantly decreased the number of Ralstonia solanacearum,increased fungi and actinomycetes,smaller changes in bacteria.【Conclusion】 The specific bio-organic fertilizer against eggplant bacterial had some connection with induction of systemic resistance of plant and regulation of rhizosphere microbial diversity.