基于GIS的贺兰山两侧沙漠边缘带近20a来土地景观格局变化

毛乌素沙地与腾格里沙漠位于贺兰山东西两侧,是中国北方重要的沙漠之一。20世纪80年代至21世纪初,受北方气候变化与沙漠边缘地带人类活动强度加大的影响。两大沙漠边缘地带所属的陕西、甘肃、以及宁夏各县土地利用/土地覆盖发生了显著的变化。同时,由于受到自然地带差异以及其它因素的影响,两大沙漠边缘带土地利用/土地覆盖变化表现出不同的特征。试用景观生态学中景观格局分析方法对这种差异进行描述,通过对两大沙漠边缘带土地利用/土地覆盖格局变化对比研究,力图揭示我国北方干旱区与半干旱区沙漠边缘生态脆弱带生态环境对气候与人类活动变化表现出的不同响应方式。

GIS Based Study on Variety of Landscape Structure of Margin Region of Two Deserts Lying to Each Side of Helan Mountain

The Maowusu Desert and the Tengeli Desert are important deserts in the North China.The Maowusu Desert lies to the east of the Helan mountain and the other lies to the west of it.From 1986 to 2000,affected by climatic change and increasingly intensifying force of anthropic activity,land cover/land use of the margin regions of two deserts,which falls into Shannxi Province,Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,had changed evidently.Attributing to different dry-humid terrain and other factors,land-cover/land-use change of two desert marginal regions displayed different trait each other.The study used method of analysis landscape structure to describe the difference of the two marginal regions,and with it,to expose different mode of ecological environment responding to variety of climatic and anthropic activity, which happened in two marginal regions being part of ecotone in the semi-arid or arid of the North China.