黄河三角洲自然保护区丹顶鹤生境适宜性变化分析

生境丧失及破碎化是引起物种濒危和生物多样性降低的主要原因.基于地理信息系统和遥感技术,生成保护区丹顶鹤有无人为干扰下生境适宜性图,并选取一系列的景观格局指数,分析1992(2006年内保护区内丹顶鹤生境适宜性变化规律及其原因.结果表明,由于缺乏淡水来源,无论有无人为干扰,1999年丹顶鹤生境适宜性最差,适宜生境面积大量丧失,生境破碎化严重.14年来,保护区内的人为干扰不断加大,以道路干扰最为显著.人为干扰促使丹顶鹤生境质量下降,生境适宜性变得更差,并导致2006年生境适宜性劣于1992年.驱动保护区内丹顶鹤生境适宜性变化的主要影响因素是水源及人为活动.

Habitat suitability change of red-crowned crane in Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve

Habitat loss and fragmentation are mainly associated with population decrease of endangered species and biodiversity loss. The habitat suitability maps of red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) in 1992, 1999 and 2006 were produced by using Ecological Niche Suitability Model (ENSM) in Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve (118°33′-119°20′E longitude, 37°35′-38°12′N latitude), Shandong Province, China. Based on the habitat suitability maps, the causation and change law of habitat loss and fragmentation of red-crowned crane were analyzed by selecting a series of landscape pattern indices. Results showed that due to scarcities of fresh water sources, habitat suitability of red-crowned crane in 1999 was inferior to that in 1992 and 2006 no matter whether human disturbances existed or not. Besides, human disturbance activities, especially road disturbances, increased rapidly during the period of 1992–2006. This worsened the habitat loss and fragmentation of red-crowned crane, and led to degrading habitat suitability of red-crowned crane in 2006, compared with that in 1992. In conclusion, fresh water sources and human disturbance activities are the two main factors that drive the habitat suitability change of red-crowned crane. Foundation project: the research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation (No. 40771172) and Knowledge innovation project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. kzcx2-yw-308).