枣果黑斑病发生相关因素分析及田间药效试验

为明确影响枣果黑斑病发生的相关因素，并有效防治枣果黑斑病，在新疆和田、阿克苏地区的枣园通过5点取样法开展了影响病害相关因素的调查，同时通过随机区组开展了7种化学药剂的田间防治试验。结果表明：‘骏枣’的发病率最高，达32.79%；其次是‘壶瓶枣’(30.73%)，‘灰枣’的发病率仅为4.37%；3年生枣园发病率为3.01%，5~12年生的枣园发病率与树龄呈正相关；无间作的枣园病害的发病率明显低于有间作的枣园；1.5 m×2 m、1.5 m×3 m、1.5 m×4 m和1 m×1 m×2 m栽培密度的枣园病害发生情况基本一致；不同结果方向病害发生的严重程度依次为：南面＞西面＞东面＞北面；壤土的枣园发病率(32.71%)明显高于沙土(21.68%)；漫灌的枣园发病率(37.18%)高于滴灌(26.62%)；精细管理的枣园的发病率(30.57%)明显低于粗放管理的枣园(43.49%)；筛选出的60%唑醚·代森联（5%吡唑嘧菌酯·55%代森联）水分散颗粒1500、3000倍液，对枣果黑斑病的防效高达90.5%、82.7%；3%的多抗霉素可湿性粉剂200倍液防效达90.25%。研究结果为枣果黑斑病田间科学用药和该病害的综合防治提供理论依据。

Analysis of the Influencing Factors on Disease Occurrence of Jujube Black Spot and Field Efficacy Test

The purpose of this project was to confirm the related factors that affecting the jujube fruit black spot and the field control effect. The related factors which disease occured were investigated in Hetian and Aksu area of Xinjiang by sampling in five locations. At the same time, field control experiment with 7 kinds of fungicide by randomized block was conducted. The results showed that the disease occurrence of ‘Junzao’ (32.79%) and ‘Hupingzao’ (30.73%) were heavier, and that of ‘Huizao’(4.37%) was lighter. Disease occurrence in 3-year jujube orchard was 3.01%. Disease occurrence was positively related with the tree age in 5~12 years orchard. There was a higher occurrence of disease in jujube orchard with intercropping. Basically, the same disease situation was found in jujube orchards with cultivation densities as 1.5 m× 2 m, 1.5 m × 3 m, 1.5 m× 4 m and 1 m× 1 m× 2 m. The severity of the disease occurrence was different in direction, the order was: south> west> east> north. Disease occurrence in loam (32.71%) was significantly higher than that in sand soil (21.68%); disease occurrence under flood irrigation (37.18%) was significantly higher than that under drip irrigation (26.62%), disease occurrence under refine management (30.57%) significantly lower than that under the extensive management (43.49%). The control efficacy of 60% pyraclostrobin · metiram (5% pyraclostrobin · 55% metiram) WG applied at 1500 times and 3000 times against jujube black spot in the filed was 90.5% and 82.7%; the control efficacy of 3% polyoxin WP applied at 200 times against jujube black spot in the filed was 90.25%. Research results provide theoretical basis for scientific treatment and comprehensive prevention and control of jujube black spot.