播期及环境因子对水稻产量和品质的影响

目的]研究推迟播期对水稻产量及品质的影响。方法]以沈农265、丰优2000为材料,分析推迟播期对水稻产量及品质的影响,并探讨水稻灌浆结实期的温湿度与稻米的品质性状的相关性。结果]推迟播期对两个品种的产量构成因素均产生负面影响,造成产量降低,而两个品种的食味品质均有所改善。稻米品质差的品种受外界环境因子的影响大于品质优的品种。水稻灌浆结实期的日均温与蛋白质含量呈最大显著正相关,与食味值呈最大显著负相关,日均最高温与直链淀粉含量的负相关最大,各温度因子对脂肪含量的影响很小,日均相对湿度与水稻品质性状的相关性相对较小。结论]针对不同水稻的品种,适当地推迟播期和移栽期是有利的。

Effects of the Temperature and Humidity in Filling and Fruiting Stages on the Yield and Quality of Rice

Objective] The purpose was to study the effects of delaying sowing date on the yield and quality of rice. Method] With Shennong 265 and Fengyou 2 000 as material, the effects of delaying sowing date on the yield and quality of rice were analyzed and the correlation between the temperature and humidity in filling and fruiting stages and quality characteristics of rice was discussed. Result] Delaying sowing date made negative effects on the yield components of the 2 varieties, causing yield decrease, but their eating qualities were improved to some degree. The effects of exterior environmental factors on the varieties with bad rice qualities were bigger than that on the varieties with good rice qualities. The daily average temperature in filling and fruiting stages of rice showed maximum and significantly positive correlation with protein content and maximum and significantly negative correlation with eating value. The negative correlation between the highest daily average temperature and amylose content was biggest. The temperature factors had little effect on fat content. The correlation between daily average relative humidity and quality characteristics of rice was relatively smaller. Conclusion] Aiming to different rice varieties, proper delay of sowing and transplant dates was favorable.