河套灌区盐碱化的特点分析和治理措施的探讨

本文主要分析了内蒙古河套灌区土壤盐碱化的特点;探讨了盐碱地治理的主要措施;指出在气候干燥,蒸发量大,灌溉水盐份高,用量多,排水少,地下水具有地质矿化源和水位浅以及土壤质地较砂等因素的影响下,河套灌区的土壤盐份具有积累快,年中变化大,含量高等特点。由于盐害最严重的时期是从春小麦播种到5月中旬,本文提出河套灌区盐碱地的治理应首先搞好合理灌水和完善排水;同时改进传统耕作方法,采用先进耕作技术和其他措施综合治理。但任何经济有效的措施的设计与实施都需通过对当地盐碱化过程的深入研究,建立关键时期(秋浇、结冻到化冻、春播)的土壤水盐运动模型,进行田间主体工程的定点试验。

A SURVEY ON THE SALINIZATION CHARACTER AND THE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE OF SALINE SOILS IN HETAO REGION

The character of soil salinization and the existing practice of saline soil management in Hetao Region were defined in this paper. As the accumulation of salts by injudicious practice of irrigation and failing to provide for adequate drainage is alarming in this area of high evaporation rate and shallow groundwater level, it is recommended that properirrigation practice and sufficient drainage are indispensible to leach out excessive salts while special tillage practice can also help to reduce the build-up of salts in soils and to enlighten the deleterious effects of salinity on crops in early spring. However, succes ful application of these practices needs fundamental and comprehensive investigations on soil moisture-salt movement in relation to irrigation, drainage, tillage and environments, and pilot experimental plots to provide data for design criterion for the drainage system.