不同穗型小麦小花生长发育及同化物分配变化的差异

为了解小麦小花发育成粒特性与同化物分配间的关系,以大穗型品种周麦16和多穗型品种豫麦49-198为材料,分析了两种穗型小麦小花发育成粒特性及同化物分配的差异。结果表明,周麦16的小花退化、败育速率较豫麦49-198缓慢,且在小穗结实率、小花结实率和可孕小花结实率上均高于后者。在小花发育中后期,大穗型品种周麦16转移到穗部的同化物比多穗型品种豫麦49-198多。经相关分析,花期完善小花(有完整绿色花药的小花)数与穗干重、穗氮积累量、茎干重、茎氮积累量呈微弱的正相关,与穗茎干重比、穗茎氮积累量比呈显著正相关,与穗干重/穗氮积累量比呈极显著正相关。周麦16的穗茎干重比、穗茎氮积累量比显著高于豫麦49-198,二指标均与穗干重/穗氮积累量比呈极显著正相关。进一步分析发现,周麦16的开花期单位面积完善小花数与成熟期单位面积粒数分别较豫麦49-198增加3.85%和4.65%,且品种间差异均达到极显著水平。

Differential Analysis of Floret Growing and Development and Photosynthate Distribution in Wheat Varieties with the Different Spike Types

This study explored the difference of floret development and photosynthate distribution between large-spike and multiple spike type wheat varieties. The results showed that the abortion and degradation rate of floret of Zhoumai 16 with large spike were slower than those of Yumai 49-198 with multiple spike,and the final fertile floret number of Zhoumai 16 was higher than that of Yumai 49-198. The setting rates of spikelet,floret and fertile floret of Zhoumai 16 were also higher than those of Yumai 49-198. Analysis on the difference of photosynthate distribution during floret development found that at late period of floret development,compared to Yumai 49-198,more photosynthate transferred to the spike in Zhoumai 16. It was further found that,the number of perfect florets and grains per unit area of Zhoumai 16 were significantly increased by 3.85% and 4.65%,compared to that of Yumai 49-198,respectively.