假植大苗定植对脐橙树体生长和产量的影响

在我国传统的柑橘建园中,种植裸根苗比较普遍,然而,这种种植方式的成活率较低,树体生长缓慢,投产较晚。多年来,在江西赣南脐橙产区建园中,大力推广假植大苗带土定植,即将脐橙苗假植于装有营养土的袋或篓(直径25cm×高30cm),集中管理并提供合适的环境条件,于第2年春梢老熟后(6月份)定植。这一改进,显著提高了成活率。对45个使用该方法的纽荷尔脐橙(Citrussinensiscv.Newhall)园共900株树进行了调查,同时,以传统的裸根苗直接定植作为对照。结果表明,假植大苗定植的树体生长各项指标(干周、树高、冠径和末级梢数量、质量)均明显优于对照;1-5年生幼树各项指标平均值相对于同龄对照有明显增加;4年生树干周、树高、冠径和末级梢数量比对照分别增加42.1%、42.6%、34.1%和31.7%。假植大苗定植第4年、第5年平均株产分别为19.4kg和42.5kg,显著高于同龄对照的5.1kg和27.5kg。假植大苗定植的植株树势一致,树冠形成快,投产早,经济效益显著,值得在生产上推广应用。

Effect of planting big seedlings after pre-planted in bags on the growth and production of Newhall navel orange

A new planting system was trailed. The orange seedlings were firstly grown in a basket or bag of about 12 liters in volume filled with nutrition added soil in the previous autumn, or in the spring before bud germination. The pre-planting seedlings were transplanted to the final position in the new orchard after the spring flush became mature. A survey to 45 Newhall navel orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] orchards about 900 individuals of 1-5 year-old suggested that several biomass indexes of the trees transplanted by this planting system were distinctly better than those of the trees planted in a traditional bare-root-transplanting way (the control). The average biomass indexes for different ages were investigated separately: the trunk perimeter, plant height, tree canopy diameters and the number of new branches of 4 years old trees were found an increase of 42.1%, 42.6%, 34.1% and 31.7% respectively, comparing with the control. The plants planted by such method yielded 19.40 kg and 42.50 kg fruit in the fourth and fifth year, significantly higher than 5.10 kg and 27.5 kg that yielded from the same age of the control. By this measure the plants manifested a relevant uniform performance, developed in a rapid rate for the formation of tree crown, and yielded in an early age. This transplanting method potentially has a good economic effect and is worthy of extensive application in the citrus production.