不同密度和施肥量对党参品质及其病害程度的效应研究

针对影响党参等级、浸出物、农残、重金属和病害率的栽植密度和施肥量二因素,采用2因素8水平3重复随机区组法进行研究。结果表明,一等品比例较小且集中于60万株/hm2处理;二等品所占比例最大的是90万株/hm2和360 kg/hm2组合。二等品总额中,施肥量相同条件下,所占比例大小顺序是60万株/hm2>90万株/hm2>75万株/hm2>105万株/hm2处理;所有产品以三等品为主;浸出物全部高于标准值,大于70.0%的有4个组合;在密度相同条件下,As、Cu含量最大值基本都在360 kg/hm2施肥量下产生;Pb最大值则在0施肥下产生;Cd基本都趋近于0.01%;Hg含量规律性不强。根病害率最低的是75万株/hm2和360 kg/hm2组合,为1.48%。密度和施肥量科学合理的配置不仅对品质有重要意义,而且也有助于提高商品性。

Studies on Quality & Disease Extent of Codnopsis pilosula(Franch.)Naff under Different Density and Fertilizing Amount

This paper studied on the roots grade,extractum,pesticide residue,heavy metal,disease infection rate under the effects of different transplanting density and fertilizing amount,in order to get the best combinations of density and fertilizer amount.Then high quality and good commercial products will be produced.The results showed that the first grade roots are focused on the density of 0.6 million roots/hm2.The second grade is mainly produced by the combination of 0.9 million roots/hm2 density and 360 kg/hm2 fertilizer amount.The different rate order of second grade is 0.6 million roots/hm2>0.9 million roots/hm2>0.75 million roots/hm2>1.05 million roots/hm2.The whole products are occupied by the third grade roots.All extractums are higher than the standard value,and 4 combination values are more than 70.0%.The content of heavy metals is lower than the standard.Under the same density,the maximum contents of As and Cu have been checked out from the fertilizer of 360 kg/hm2,Pb checked out from zero fertilizing,Cd almost being equal to 0.01%,but Hg changing irregularly.The rate of root disease appears reducing with the increase of fertilizer amount under the same density,and the combination of 0.75 million roots/hm2 and 360 kg/hm2 fertilizer gets the minimum 1.48%.Density and fertilizer amount have played very important roles and the excellent combinations are able to produce high quality roots.It is very important for quality and commercial characters of Codnopsis pilosula(Franch.)Naff,when the combination of density and fertilizer amount reaches an ideal level.