5种易恢复小麦雄性不育类型新保持系资源的建拓与研究

以10种不同山革草细胞质的异质小麦品种Chris为胞质供体,77(2)等一系列1B/1R易位系及两个核不育基因相同而胞质不同的正反杂交后代株(系)为核供体,采用杂交、置换回交和转育等方法,在单、偏、粘、易和二角型5种不育胞质源中,选育出易恢复性能极高的新保持系资源.测交和育性分析结果表明:(1)其不育系的F₁杂种恢复度均在90%以上.(2)单型不育性主要由一对主效隐性基因控制;偏、粘、易和二角型(1B/1R不育系)则是一种育性基因位点缺失,而仅由1RS片段与对应4种异质构成的互作不育.(3)单型不育系及F₁不产生单倍体;偏、粘、易和二角型1B/1R不育系产生单倍体是1B/1R易位染色体与4种异质专一互作后产生不育所带有的一种副效应;但从这4种异质中由新保持系资源培育出的无单倍体不育系可看出,单倍体性可随不育系核遗传背景不同而消失.此外,上述这5种异质不育系不但具有广泛的易恢复性,而且彼此间还存在着一定的互作关系,为简化制种程序提供了极方便的条件.

DEVELOPMENT AND STUDY ON NEW MAINTENANCE LINE SOURCES OF 5 MALE STERILE TYPES WITH EASILY RESTORING PERFORMANCE IN COMMON WHEAT

Abstract The alloplasmic wheat varieties Chris with 10 different Aegilops cytoplasms were used as the cytoplasm donors.A whole series of 1B/1R translocation lines, such as 77(2) and others, and both progeny plants or lines of reciprocal with same sterile nucleus gene but defferent cytoplasms served as nucleus donors.Under 5 sterile cytoplasm back-grounds the new maintenance lines with much easily restoring performance were bred by crossing, repeated substitution backcrossing and sterility coverting.The results from test cross and fertility analysis indicated that;1) the restoring degree in F₁ between the new sterile lines and some varieties or lines is all over 90%.2) The male sterile line with Ae.uniaristda cytoplasm is mainly conditioned by one major recessive gene, and the sterility with Ae.ventricosa, Ae.kotschyi,Ae.uariabilis and Ae.bzcarreis sterile cytoplasms, namely their 1B/1R sterile lines,is the sterile induced by interaction between 1RS fragment and the 4 cytoplasms because of fertility gene deficiency.3) No a haploid plant to be found in the sterile line and F₁ with Ae.ventricosa cytoplasm.The haploidy induced by 1B/1R sterile lines with Ae.ventricosa, Ae.kotschyi,Ae.uariabilis and Ae.bicornis cytoplasms is side effects caused by the sterile induced by special interaction of 1B/1R traslocation chromosome and the 4 cytoplasms above.But their sterile lines without haploids bred by new maintenance lines showed that the haploid plants may disappear with different nucleus genetic background of sterile line.In ad-dition, the 5 sterile lines above not only possess avidly easy restorer performance but also have a certain interaction ralationskips.It supplied favourable condition for simplify procedure producing hybridseed.