向日葵养分专家系统推荐施肥效应研究

为了更好地为生产者和技术人员提供推荐服务,本研究汇总和分析各地试验数据,以明确向日葵养分专家系统推荐施肥的优势,促进向日葵养分专家系统在生产上大面积推广应用。2017-2019年在向日葵主要产区进行了84项向日葵养分专家系统田间验证试验,分析比较了向日葵养分专家系统与当地习惯施肥的节肥效果、增产效果、肥料利用效率和经济效益。结果表明：向日葵养分专家（NE）推荐养分用量较农民习惯（FP）减少了氮（N）投入7 kg/hm²,减少磷（P₂O₅）投入23 kg/hm²,施肥更加优化合理。NE较FP平均增产293.1 kg/hm²（增产率为8.4%）,经济效益增加1754.4元/hm²,氮和磷农学效率增加1.7和3.6 kg/kg,氮磷钾养分回收率分别提高8.7、6.1和6.0个百分点。向日葵养分专家系统具有节约氮磷肥、增加产量、增加经济效益、提高肥料利用效率的良好效果,向日葵产区可以根据向日葵养分专家系统进行推荐施肥。

Effect study on sunflower nutrient expert system for fertilization recommendation

To improve the Sunflower Nutrient Expert System, and to facilitate large-scale application, 84 field experiments were carried out from 2017 to 2019 which covered the main sunflower producing areas in China. The efficiency of saving fertilizer, increasing yield, nutrient recovery and economic benefits of sunflower nutrient expert system were analyzed and compared with farmer accustomed fertilization. Results showed that the recommended nutrient rate of sunflower nutrient expert （NE） were 7 kg/hm² less nitrogen （N）, and 23 kg/hm² less phosphorus （P₂O₅） than farmer’s practice fertilization （FP）. Thus the fertilization was more optimized and reasonable. NE produced an average yield increase of 293.1 kg/hm² compared with FP fertilization, with yield increase rate of 8.4%. The yield response of NE nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased significantly compared with FP. Compared with FP, the economic benefit RMB of NE increased by 1754.4 yuan/hm².The agronomic efficiency of N and P recommended for NE fertilization increased by 1.7 and 3.6 kg/kg compared with FP. Compared with FP, NE improved NPK RE by 8.7, 6.1 and 6.0 percentage points, respectively. It can be seen that sunflower nutrient expert system has the good effect of saving nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, increasing yield, economic efficiency improvement and improving nutrient recovery. Sunflower nutrient expert system can be used to recommend fertilization in sunflower production areas.