基于3个甘蓝型春油菜Pol CMS的优良恢复系选育

为选育出优良的恢复系父本，能够与春油菜区优良的春性甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育系（Pol CMS）配制出强优势杂交组合，先利用简化基因组测序技术（SLAF-seq）开发3个不育系和118个恢复系的SNP标记，对材料进行聚类分析，根据父母本花期相遇原则，从每一类选取数量不等的恢复系，共40个恢复系，分别与3个不育系采用NCⅡ设计配制120个杂交组合，分别进行配合力效应、杂种优势及双亲遗传距离与杂种表现的相关性分析。结果表明：遗传聚类将121份甘蓝型油菜资源分为5大类，大多数相同类型的品系被聚在了同一类，3份不育系均被聚在了第Ⅴ类；43份亲本的一般配合力（general combining ability，GCA）的变化范围为-20.78～30.42，恢复系R83、R107和R13的GCA较大，不育系GCA较大的为S3（105A），特殊配合力较大的组合有S3×R13、S1×R48、S3×R11、S2×R89；组合S3×R13的产量超标优势和超亲优势最大，分别为37.12%和42.52%。遗传距离与单株产量呈极显著正相关，相关系数为0.390。与3个不育系组配的杂交组合中，产量排名前20位的亲本恢复系大部分来自和不育系遗传距离较大的Ⅰ类，并且在春油菜区大面积推广的品种，如青杂2号、青杂7号、青杂9号、青杂12号，均为被聚在Ⅰ类的恢复系与不育系S3（105A）组配的杂交种。因此认为，（S×Ⅰ类恢复系）组配模式可以获得强优势甘蓝型春油菜杂交组合。该研究不仅为后续甘蓝型油菜杂交种选育提供了亲本选择的分子依据，也将促进春油菜区的杂交育种进程。

Breeding of elite restorer lines based on 3 Pol CMS lines in spring Brassica napus L.

To find out elite restorer lines during high yield hybrid breeding, 3 Polima cytoplasmic male sterile （Pol CMS） lines of spring Brassica napus L. were used to formulate stronger hybrid combination in spring rapeseed area. SLAF-seq was used to develop SNP markers for the 3 sterile lines and also 118 restorer lines. All 121 materials were clustered based on SNP markers. According to clustering results and their flowering times, 40 restorer lines were selected from each categories to the 3 sterile lines respectively. Under the adopted NCⅡ design, 120 hybrid combinations were prepareed and analysed on their combining ability, heterosis and correlation of parental genetic distance, combined cluster and high-yield combinations. Results showed that genetic clustering divided 121 B. napus resources into 5 categories. The 3 sterile lines were grouped into category V. General combining ability （GCA） of the 43 parents varied from -20.78 to 30.42. Three restorer lines （R83, R107 and R13） and one sterile line S3 （105A） had larger GCA. In the combinations, S3×R13, S1×R48, S3×R11, and S2×R89 had higher special combining abilities. The combination S3×R13 had the largest yield over-standard heterosis and over-parent heterosis （37.12% and 42.52% respectively）. Genetic distance and individual yield were extremely positively correlated, with correlation coefficient of 0.390. Among the hybrid combinations, most of the restorers with top 20 yields were from Type I group, which had large genetic distance with the sterile lines. Meanwhile, some varieties popularized in spring rape areas, including restorer lines of Qingza 2, Qingza 7, Qingza 9 and Qingza 12 were all derived from hybrids of Type I and sterile line S3 （105A）. Therefore, it was considered that sterile lines crossed Type Ⅰ restoring lines could be strong hybrid combination in spring B. napus.