酿酒葡萄篱架梳脱运动试验台设计与应用

设计了由机架、液压站、行走机构、弓齿脱粒机构及葡萄果串藤架组成的酿酒葡萄篱架梳脱运动试验台,通过螺旋对辊、两侧梳脱装置的空间位置、对辊转速和行进速度等关键参数的调节,可进行柔性梳脱装置的试验,研究运动中柔性弓齿梳脱作业机理和各因素对梳脱的影响。通过脱粒过程运动学、动力学分析,研究了影响酿酒葡萄运动梳脱效果的主要因素为行进速度、对辊转速和弓齿螺旋角。在室内进行正交试验,结果表明,行进速度和对辊转速对脱粒率有一定影响,弓齿螺旋角的影响不显著,对辊转速从200 r/min增加到300 r/min,脱净率从75.7%提升到了92%,行进速度从0.4 m/s增加到0.7 m/s,脱净率从94.7%降低到78%;对于破损率,3个因素均不显著,约为20%左右。

Design and Experiment of Wine Grape Trellis Traveling Stripping Platform

In recent years, the rapid growth of wine industry in China is promoting the increase of vineyards. However, the wine grapes are harvested entirely depending on hand picking in China with high cost. The old harvesting method restricts the widespread popularization and planting of wine grapes. Research on picking machine and picking mechanism of wine grapes is in its infancy in China. A study was conducted to change the artificial harvesting status of wine grapes, promote the mechanization of wine grapes thread mechanism, and establish the theoretical guidance and design basis for the picking machine of wine grapes under Chinese national conditions. In previous studies, single bunches of grapes threaded by flexible bow teeth had been certificated to be feasible. As the process of harvesting is quite complex, it needs to be studied further. Therefore, kinematic and dynamic analyses of the harvesting process were carried out to further study on threshing mechanism, and there were three factors, including rotating speed, helix angle and travel speed, which were proved to be important to harvesting. Then the walking ability test bench of indoor harvesting which could be used to study a variety of potential effective factors and new type of threshing devices was designed and orthogonal experiment was conducted. The evaluating indicators of this test were threshing rate and breakage rate, the factors of this test were rotating speed, helix angle and travel speed, and the samples of this test were the Cabernet Sauvignon. The test result showed that only rotating speed and travel speed can influence the threshing rate to a certain extent. With the increase of rotating speed from 200 r/min to 300 r/min, the threshing rate was increased from 75.7% to 92%. With the increase of travel speed, the threshing rate was decreased from 94.7% to 78%. Moreover, for the breakage rate, the effects of three factors were not significant and the breakage rate was maintained at about 20%. This study provided a reference for design and improvement of the flexible comb.