Characterisation of lymphosarcomas in Australian cats using polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical examination

Objective To examine tumour tissue of cats with lymphosarcoma for the presence of feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus and analyse the immunophenotype of the tumours.
Design A retrospective study of feline lymphosarcoma cases.
Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumour tissue of 14 feline lymphosarcomas was examined for the presence of feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against T and B lymphocytes, the phenotypic expression of the tumours was characterised.
Results No feline leukaemia virus antigen or proviral sequences were detected. Feline immunodeficiency virus proviral sequences were detected in two cases by polymerase chain reaction. Immunophenotyping of all 14 cases resulted in seven cases being classified as B-cell phenotype, four as T-cell phenotype, and the remaining three undetermined.
Conclusions In contrast to previous reports overseas, our results suggest that feline leukaemia virus infection appears to be an infrequent cause of lymphosarcoma in the cats that were necropsied. Feline immunodeficiency virus may have a role in lymphomagenesis. The potential role of feline immunodeficiency virus needs to be explored in more depth. Compared with most previous reports, B-cell tumours were more common than T-cell tumours in this series of cats.