基于GIS的区域生态安全障碍因素分析 —以吉林省西部为例

生态系统安全状态障碍的诊断是一项极为复杂的工作。笔者基于遥感和GIS技术，采用栅格技术，以吉林省西部为例，引入了“因子贡献率”、“指标偏离度”和“障碍度”的概念，对影响吉林省西部2000年生态安全的因素进行了分析。结果表明：影响生态安全的障碍因素区域差别较大。单一类型障碍因素作用区域占总研究区的76.92%，其中主要作用因素有6种，为经济发展水平、土壤类型、区域开发指数、地貌形态，人口自然增长率和相对起伏度。多因素作用区域中两种障碍因素作用的区域占绝对优势。整个区域中土壤类型作为障碍因子的区域占研究区总面积的27.57%，其中又以风沙土、碱盐土两种土壤类型为主，占3/4以上，沙化和盐碱化已经成为吉林省西部一个不容忽视的生态问题。研究实现了障碍因素的空间化，为土地利用结构调整和区域综合治理提供了具体依据和可操作的具体指导，所采用的生态环境病理诊断的方法为区域生态安全方法研究提供了新的视角。

Analysis on Obstacle Factors of Regional Ecological Security Based on GIS -taken the Western Jilin Province as an Example

Diagnosis of obstacles for ecological security is a kind of complicated work. Based on RS and GIS, using the Grid technique, this article introduced the concept of factor contributing rate, degree of index departure and obstacle degree to assess the influence factors of ecological security in Jilin Province in 2000. Results showed that difference influenced factors in different area is so obvious. The region affected by one obstacle factor account for 76.92 percent of whole area.，among which, the degree of economic development, soil type, regional exploitation index, physiognomy，population increasing rate and comparative undulation are main factors. Two obstacle factors predominated besides one obstacle factor. The area of soil type affected is 27.57 percent of all study area and sand soil and salinized soil occupied more than three of four. We can see that sandilized and salinization have been ecological problems that can’t be ignored in Jilin Province. This study desertification the obstacle factors and offered a useful and exercisable data support for landuse regulation and regionally integrated father. The mothed that applied in the article provided a new view point for the diagnosis study of ecological security.