陕西关中麦区小麦品种产量及其构成的演变

为了探寻进一步提高陕西小麦育种产量水平的途径，以关中地区1942-2013年年推广面积在33.3万hm的代表性品种为对象，对其株高、产量、穗数、穗粒重、穗粒数、千粒重等性状进行了分析。结果表明，关中地区自1942年以来选育的小麦品种产量水平逐渐提高，产量从1 875 kg·hm_-2上升到8 250 kg·hm_-2，增加了3.40倍；每公顷穗数从390万提高到645万，增加了0.65倍；穗粒重从0.95 g提高到1.40 g，增加了0.47倍；穗粒数的波动比较大，趋势不明显；千粒重整体上呈上升的趋势；株高从130 cm降低到78 cm，下降了40%。因此，建议陕西小麦未来高产育种应在稳定单位面积穗数的基础上进一步增加穗粒数和千粒重，以通过提升单穗生产力来实现增产。

Evolution of Yield and Its Components for Wheat Varieties in Guanzhong of Shaanxi

In order to further improve the level of wheat breeding in Chinathe representative varieties of 33.3 million hm in the area of Guanzhong from 1942 to 2013 were selected as the materials. The characters of plant height, yield, ear number, single ear grain weight, spike grain number and 1 000-grain weight were analyzed and studied. The results showed that the yield level of wheat cultivars in Guanzhong since 1942 has gradually improved. The yield was increased from 1 875 kg·hm_-2 to 8 250 kg·hm_-2, with about 3.40 times increase. The number of ears per hectare was increased from 3.90 million to 6.45 million, which was increased by 0.65 times. Single spike weight was increased from 0.95 g to 1.40 g, which was increased by 0.47 times. The grain number of spike changed relatively greatly, but the trend is not obvious. The trend of 1 000-grain weight was increased overall, but there are fluctuations. The plant height was decreased from 130 cm to 78 cm, with the difference of 52 cm, which was reduced by 40%. Based on the analysis results, it is suggested that the method to improv the yield potential of wheat breeding in Guanzhuang irrigation area is to increase grain weight of single spike grain weight on the basis of the stable number of ears.