小麦光合器官对不同穗位和粒位粒重及蛋白质含量的影响

为探明小麦叶片与非叶光合器官对不同穗位和粒位籽粒发育的影响,以济麦22为试验材料,开花期设置剪叶、包穗、包茎等7种处理,分析了不同处理下不同穗位和粒位粒数、粒重和蛋白质含量的差异。结果表明,小麦穗对穗上部和下部弱势粒数影响显著,与叶片共同作用对穗上部强势粒数及穗中部和下部粒数,以及与茎和叶片共同作用对穗上部粒数、穗中部和下部弱势粒数均影响显著;穗对不同穗位强势粒重和穗上部弱势粒重影响显著,旗叶对穗中部和下部强势粒重、穗上部和中部强势粒重及穗下部粒重影响显著;包穗、剪旗叶和剪倒二叶处理显著提高穗上部强势粒及穗中部和下部籽粒蛋白质含量;剪倒三叶和剪倒四叶+剪倒五叶处理显著提高穗下部强势粒蛋白质含量;同一穗位的强势粒蛋白质含量大于弱势粒,不同穗位籽粒的平均蛋白质含量表现为穗下部穗中部穗上部;同一穗位的弱势粒蛋白质含量变异系数大于强势粒,穗上部的籽粒蛋白质含量变异系数大于穗中部和下部。因此,建议小麦育种中应注重穗光合选择,适当增加小穗排数,减少高穗位粒数,可能是提高小麦产量潜力和改善品质的重要途径。

Effect of Photosynthetic Organs on Grain Number, Grain Weight and Protein Content in Different Spike Parts and Grain Positions in Wheat Spikelet

This investigation was carried out to dissect the effect of leaf and non-leaf organs on grain yield of different spikelet and it''s quality, in which Jimai 22 was used to study the changes of spikelet fertility, grain weight and protein content by seven treatments, such as leaf-cutting, ear-packaging, intermode-packaging, and other four proper combinations of this three treatments at Jinan in two winter wheat seasons. Results showed that the effect of ear was significant on the number of inferior kernels at both upper and lower positions, and the combined effect of ear and leaf was markedly on the number of superior kernels at upper position, as well as kernel number at both mid position and lower position, and the triple combined effect of ear, leaf and internode was also significant on the number of upper spikelet and inferior kernel at both mid and low positions. The effect of ear on grain weight showed significantly on all superior kernels and inferior kernels at upper position, meanwhile, the effect of flag leaf on grain weight showed significantly at both mid and low positions, as well as single kernel weight of superior kernel at both upper and mid positions, and low position spikelet. Grain protein content of superior kernel of upper position was increased markedly as well as mid and low position spikelet under the treatments such as ear packaging, flag leaf cutting, and upper second leaf cutting. Grain protein content of superior kernel at low position was also increased markedly under the treatments such as upper third leaf cutting and upper fourth+fifth leaves cutting. For the same position spikelet, the protein content of superior grain was higher than that of inferior grain. Average protein content of lower position grain was higher than that of mid position and upper position grain, meanwhile,protein content of mid position grain was higher than that of upper position grain. Coefficient variation of protein content of inferior grain was greater than that of superior grain for the same spikelet position, and that of upper position spikelet was larger than that of mid position spikelet and lower position spikelet. We could conclude that more attention should be paid on ear photosynthesis for screening and selecting new wheat varieties, increasing rows of spikelet properly and decreasing kernel number of higher position, which will be an important way to increase yield potential and improve wheat quality.