F型小麦雄性不育系育性的遗传分析

F型不育系（FA）是我国近年来新选育的普通小麦细胞质的CMS型不育系，为确定FA育性基因的遗传模型，采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因遗传模型的5世代联合分析方法，以FA/临汾3158、FA/冬81、FA/HB-7三个杂交组合的P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂群体和FA/HB-7的F_2:3群体为试材，分析了FA育性的遗传特性和遗传效应。结果表明，FA育性受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因和加性-显性多对微效基因共同控制，基因互作效应明显。三个F₂群体结实率的主基因遗传率为50.58%~71.77%，多基因遗传率为0~45.58%，环境遗传效应值为3.84%~44.12%；三个F₂群体结实小穗率的主基因遗传率为52.35%~66.36%，多基因遗传率为0~17.77%，环境遗传效应值为25.70%~47.65%。FA/HB-7的F_2:3群体育性在北京、南阳两地的主基因遗传率相差较大，北京、南阳结实率和结实小穗率的主基因遗传率分别为7.50%和5.45%、90.89%和77.83%，多基因遗传率均为0.00%。FA育性以主基因遗传为主，但环境对性状的影响较大，推测FA育性可能具有一定的环境诱导效应。研究结果为进一步改良和利用FA及其杂种优势利用奠定了基础。

Genetic Analysis of F-Type Wheat Male Sterile Line

F-type wheat male sterile line(FA) is a new cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS) line which was developed in recent years in China.To determine the genetic model of FA fertility genes in this study,three crossing combinations were created with conventional varieties Linfen 3158,Dong 81,HB-7 and FA.P₁,P₂,F₁ and F₂ populations of the three combinations and the F_2:3 population of FA/HB-7 were used for further analysis.We use the major gene and polygene mixed inheritance model with five generations to analyze the fertility genetic characteristics of FA wheat.The results showed that the fertility of FA is controlled by two additive-dominance-epistasis major genes and several additive-dominance minor genes.The fertility of main gene heritability of the three F₂ populations ranged from 50.58% to 71.77%,and the polygene heritability ranged from 0 to 45.58% and the environmental genetic effect value ranged from 3.84% to 44.12%; the heritability of the major gene in spikelet fertility rate of the three F₂ populations ranged from 52.35% to 66.36%,and the polygene heritability ranged from 0 to 17.77% and the environmental genetic effect value ranged from 25.70% to 47.65%.It was also found that there is the difference between the fertility of the main gene heritability of F_2:3 population of FA/HB-7 between Nanyang and Beijing.The results showed that the main gene heritability of seed setting rate and spikelet seed setting rate are 7.50% and 5.45%,respectively in Beijing,but 90.89% and 77.83% respectively in Nanyang.The heritability of polygenes is 0.00%.It was indicated that the fertility of FA is seriously influenced by environmental factors.