六倍体小黑麦重要性状的改良潜力探究

小黑麦是近代创建的禾本科新作物，具有生物量大、抗逆性好等特点，适宜农牧结合区种植。为明确小黑麦重要性状的改良潜力并为粮饲兼用型小黑麦杂交育种提供依据，以我国的冬性小黑麦兰小黑和CIMMYT的春性小黑麦CM-12、CM-13及其构建的三个杂交F₁、F₂群体为材料，对苗相、株高、单株穗数、穗长、小穗数、叶片特性、茎秆特性等重要农艺性状进行田间考察，分析各性状的配合力，并计算3个F₂群体各个性状的遗传变异系数、遗传力等参数，以探索各重要性状的改良潜力。结果表明，冬性与春性小黑麦的杂交群体比春性与春性杂交群体具有较高的变异系数和遗传力；小黑麦的穗颈长、旗叶宽、旗叶长等性状遗传力较高，变异系数较大，利用分离群体对这些性状进行遗传选择的潜力较大，具有可行性。

Exploration on the Improvement Potential of Important Characters of Hexaploid Triticale

Triticale is a modern gramineous new crop created in the modern era,which has the characteristics of large biomass and good resistance to stress,and is suitable to be planted in the mixed area of agriculture and animal husbandry. However,in China,the current improvement of Triticale breeding is relatively weak. In order to clarify the potential for improvement of the important traits of Triticale and provide the basis for hybrid of triticale,the winter Triticale Lanxiaohei,CM-12 and CM-13(the spring Triticale of CIMMYT),and their three F₁ and F₂ hybrid populations are used as materials to conduct field investigation of the important agronomic traits,such as seedling,plant height,number of panicle per plant,spike length,number of spikelets,leaf traits,and stalk characteristics. The combining ability of each trait was analyzed,and the genetic variation coefficient and heritability of each trait of three F₂ populations were calculated to explore the potential for improvement of important traits. The result showed that the hybrid populations of winter and spring Triticale have higher coefficient of variation and heritability than that of spring and spring Triticale; Triticale has higher heritability for the traits,such as stem length,flag leaf width and flag leaf length,with higher variation coefficient; genetic selection of these important traits by using segregation populations has great potential and is feasible.