杭州湾北部有明银鱼仔稚鱼脊柱和附肢骨骼发育研究

2014年6月至2015年5月,在杭州湾北部水域设置10个采样点。于每月大潮期间使用大型仔稚鱼网进行仔稚鱼采集,共拖网120次,采集有明银鱼(Salanx ariakensis)仔稚鱼1 972尾。本研究使用硬骨-软骨双染色技术,观察了有明银鱼仔稚鱼(体长范围为9. 7～34. 2 mm)脊柱及附肢骨骼的形态发育特征。有明银鱼背鳍、臀鳍、胸鳍、腹鳍的支鳍骨,髓弓、脉弓维持为软骨。匙骨、上匙骨、后颞骨、尾下骨、尾杆骨与尾椎髓体为硬骨。骨骼形成的顺序依次为肩带,臀鳍支鳍骨和尾下骨,背鳍支鳍骨,脉弓和髓弓,腹鳍支鳍骨和尾上骨。胸鳍支鳍骨无后匙骨。髓弓数目为73,脉弓数目为22,尾下骨(包括侧尾下骨)数目为7,臀鳍支鳍骨数目为27,背鳍支鳍骨数目为13。本研究结果表明有明银鱼具有其他银鱼类似的骨骼系统骨化程度弱的"幼态持续"现象。

Development of the vertebral column and the appendicular skeleton in the larvae and juveniles of Salanx ariakensis in the north of Hangzhou Bay

From June 2014 to May 2015, 10 sampling stations were set up in the north of Hangzhou Bay. Monthly collections were held by a larvae net. 120 trawls were carried out and 1 972 ind. of Salanx ariakensis were collected. The development of the vertebral column and the appendicular skeleton of the larvae and juveniles of S. ariakensis was described. A series of wild specimens of 9.7-34.2 mm in body length were cleared and stained for both cartilage and bone. The dorsal, anal, pectoral and pelvic fins supports, neural arches and haemal arches were cartilage. The cleithrum, supracleithrum, posttemporal, hypurals, urostyle and uroneural were bone. All the skeletons developed in the following sequence:pectoral girdle, anal fin supports and hypurals, dorsal fin supports, haemal arches and neural arches, pelvic fin supports and epurals. According to the observation,the postcleithrum was absent in S. ariakensis. The number of neural arches was 73, haemal arches was 22, hypurals (including parhypural) was 7, pterygiophore of anal fins was 27 and dorsal fins was 13. This showed that S. ariakensis had the phenomenon of neoteny that the ossification of the skeletal system was not all bone, which was similar to other salangid fishes.