小麦几个多效抗病基因的利用现状及展望

小麦是中国最重要的粮食作物之一，对全球粮食安全有重要意义。锈病和白粉病是小麦的毁灭性病害。小麦多效抗病基因在成株期同时对上述病害具有持久抗性，将其用于小麦抗病育种有积极作用。目前，已发现4个小麦多效抗病基因，这些基因主要来源于国外春麦品种，但单个基因的抗病效应较小，聚合多基因可以提高抗病效果。已有研究显示，同时含有2个以上多效抗病基因的小麦品种（品系）仍较少，据此，本文对几个小麦多效抗病基因的利用现状进行综述，并对其成因进行分析，以期为今后多效抗病基因资源的利用提供参考。

Present Situations and Prospects for Several Pleiotropic Disease Resistance Genes in Wheat

Wheat is one of the most important staple crops, plays an important role in food security worldwide. Rusts and powdery mildew are the devastating diseases during wheat production. Pleiotropic disease resistance(PDR) gene confers adult resistance against the above diseases. Application of PDR genes in a breeding program is an ideal and practical method to get the durable resistance lines. At present, only four genes with PDR characterization were reported, which was mainly found in spring wheat. Single PDR gene has the minor effects on the resistance, and pyramid of these minor genes could improve the adult resistance obviously. Molecular marker detection data indicated that few germplasm have more than two PDR genes. Here, research progress of these PDR genes was reviewed, and the reason why these PDR genes narrowly distributed was discussed. This paper provided useful information for further utilization of these valuable genetic resources in wheat disease resistance improvement.