不同灌水模式对冬小麦产量及水分利用的调控效应

为明确不同灌水次数和灌水时期对小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响,在池栽条件下,以小麦品种矮抗58为材料,设置全生育期不灌水(W0)、灌拔节水(W1)、灌拔节水+孕穗水(2水,W2)和灌拔节水+孕穗水+灌浆水(3水,W3)4个处理,通过定位试验探讨不同灌水方式对小麦产量及水分利用效率(WUE)的调控效应。结果显示,与W0处理相比,3个生长季W1、W2和W3处理的平均产量分别提高37.2%、52.9%和52.7%,而平均耗水量分别增加27.1、70.4和94.9mm;灌水的增产效果在不同年份间存在差异,干旱年份的增产幅度显著大于正常年份。小麦总耗水量和WUE、产量均呈二次曲线关系,其中WUE以W1为最大,而产量以W2最大。综合考虑小麦产量和水分利用效率,正常降水年份在拔节期灌1次水、干旱年份灌拔节水+孕穗水(2水)为小麦节水高产灌溉模式。

Regulatory Effect of Different Irrigation Regimes on Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

To evaluate the effect of irrigation regimes on wheat grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in Huang-Huai Plain, experiments were carried out during 2011-2014 wheat growing seasons under cement pool condition in Zhengzhou, Henan province. The experiment was in a randomized block design with four repetitions of four irrigation regimes, i.e. irrigation at jointing (W1), irrigation at jointing and booting (W2) and irrigation at jointing, booting and grain-filling (W3), and the treatment of no irrigation (W0) was taken as the control. Compared to W0, W1, W2 and W3 increased wheat grain yield by 37.2%, 52.9% and 52.7% averaged across the three growing seasons, respectively, and increased the soil water consumption (SWC) by 27.1 mm, 70.4 mm and 94.9 mm, respectively. Irrigation had relative higher yield improvement in drier growing seasons than that in normal precipitation seasons. Both WUE and grain yield had a quadratic relationship with SWC, in which the treatment of W1 obtained the largest value of WUE, and the W2 got the largest grain yield. Taking both grain yield and WUE into consider, twice irrigation (W2) in the area can reduce the risk of yield loss in drier growing seasons, while single irrigation at jointing (W1) was effective and economical in normal precipitation seasons.