黄淮南片小麦区域试验品种(系)的生产潜力及主要系谱分析

为掌握黄淮南片小麦品种(系)的生产潜力,对2009-2017年度黄淮南片小麦区试参试品种(系)进行分析。结果显示:(1)黄淮南片冬麦区已初步形成科研院所和企业双主体的育种体系,9年内参试品种(系)共283个,其中教学科研单位提供的参试品种(系)155个,通过国家审定的60个,育种效率为42.27%;农业企业提供的参试品种(系)115个,通过国家审定的44个,育种效率为38.26%;(2)黄淮南片小麦育种水平逐年提高,产量稳步增加,品种改良效果明显,9年间,冬水组小麦产量增加32.84kg·667m~(-2),年均增产3.65kg·667m~(-2),春水组产量增加22.38kg·667m~(-2),年均增产2.49kg·667m~(-2);(3)育种方法上仍以传统杂交育种为主,品种遗传同质化严重,抗逆性风险加大,283个参试品种(系)和107个审定品种中,以杂交育种方法育成的分别为269个(95.05%)和102个(95.33%)。分析参试品种的系谱发现,周麦系列和百农系列亲缘系数值(COP)之和为39.82,占一级系谱COP总和的18.02%;周麦系列COP之和为20.42,占二级系谱COP总和的7.73%。

Potential Productivity and Pedigree Analysis of the Main Wheat Varieties(Lines) Ttested in the Southern Huang-Huai Wheat Region

To evaluated the potential productivity of new varieties, The the tested wheat varieties(lines) in Southern Huang-huai Region were analyzed using the data results of the 2009-2017 analysis of the South Huang-Huai Wheat Regionfrom 2009 to 2017. The statistics results showed that:(1) Tthe two types of main breeding system group comprised by scientific research units and enterprise was were formed, including scientific research institutes and enterprises. In the last 9 nine years, 283 tested varieties(lines) participated in 32 wheat national trials, meanwhile and 107 varieties were certificated by the National Approving Units(37.81% breeding efficiency, BE, etc.). There were 6 universities(32 test varieties(lines), 8 certificated, 25.00% BE), 26 scientific research institutions(123 test varieties(lines), 52 certificated, 42.27% BE), 46 enterprises(115 test varieties(lines), 44 certificated, 38.26% BE) and other units(13 test varieties(lines), 3 certificated, 23.07% BE).(2) The breeding level and the yield were constantly further improved. In the last 9 years,the early sowing group yield was increased by 32.84 kg·667 m^-2 with the 3.65 kg·667 m^-2 average increased annual yield; meanwhile the late sowing group yield was increased by 22.38 kg·667 m^-2, with the 2.49 kg·667 m^-2 average increased annual yield. At the same time, the average yield of all tested varieties was 518.07 kg·667 m^-2(with the semi-winter wheat was 529.86 kg·667 m^-2 and the semi-spring wheat was 511 kg·667 m^-2).(3) The breeding method was still dominated by traditional methods, meanwhile the genetic background of the varieties were homogenized seriously. Among the 283 tested advance lines and 107 approved varieties, 269(95.05%) and 102(95.33%) were bred by traditional cross method. The pedigree analysis of all the tested lines showed that Zhoumai series and Bainong series varieties were the first top two of the first-grade parents in the tested lines, and the coefficient of parentage(COP) was 39.82, which was accounted for 18.02% of the first-grade parents.Zhoumai series varieties were the first parents of second-grade parents in the tested lines, and the coefficient of parentage(COP) was 20.42, which was 7.73% of the second-grade parents.