水稻不育系抗白叶枯病的胞质效应

１９９４～１９９６年间，共选用６种胞质类型的１２个不育系及其相应的保持系，６个同核异质材料和携带不同抗性基因的品种和杂交组合，于水稻孕穗期接种分属于７个致病型的白叶枯病菌３５个菌株。结果表明，不育胞质与正常胞质的抗病性程度大体相近，但在少数不育胞质与部分白叶枯病菌菌株的互作中，表现出明显的胞质效应，即不育系较之保持系更感病，主要表现在野败型的珍汕９７和Ｖ２０、冈型的Ｇ汕、Ｄ型的Ｄ汕等几种不育胞质与Ａｈ２８、Ｇｘ５０等部分菌株的特异性互作体系中；６个同核异质水稻抗病性也具有明显差异，Ａｈ２８等部分菌株对Ｄ汕Ａ１和Ｇ汕Ａ等胞质具有较强的亲和性；杂交稻的抗病性主要受核基因控制，但胞质亦有一定影响。因此，在杂交稻抗白叶枯病育种中，胞质效应是一个不可忽视的因素，在改良核基因的同时，要注重胞质的多样化。

Cytoplasmic Effect of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line on Resistance to Bacterial Blight of Rice

Twelve pairs of cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) lines belonging to six kinds of male sterile cytoplasms were inoculated with 35 strains of Xanthomonas oryzae PV. oryzae (Xoo). In addition, six rice lines with the same nucleus and different cytoplasms and some hybrids were also inoculated with Xoo.The results showed that male sterile cytoplasm had some resistibility as the normal material.However,the obvious cytoplasmic effects were observed in the interaction between Zhenshan 97 cms line and Xoo Ah28,and the male sterile cytoplasm was more sucesptible than normal cytoplasm.There were also apparent differences among six different rice cytoplasmic lines with the same nucleus. Resistance of F 1 were mainly controlled by nuclear gene,but cytoplasm also effected the resistance.Therefore,cytoplasmic effects should be stressed in hybrid rice breeding. While improving the nuclear genotype, we must pay attention to cytoplasmic variation.