Control of brown spot of pear by reducing the overwintering inoculum through sanitation |
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Authors: | Isidre Llorente Albert Vilardell Pere Vilardell Elisabetta Pattori Riccardo Bugiani Vittorio Rossi Emilio Montesinos |
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Institution: | 1.Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology- XaRTA-CIDSAV,University of Girona,Girona,Spain;2.Institute of Entomology and Plant Pathology,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,Piacenza,Italy;3.Plant Protection Service, Regione Emilia-Romagna,Bologna,Italy |
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Abstract: | Stemphylium vesicarium, the causal agent of brown spot of pear, overwinters in the leaf residues of pear and herbaceous plants of the orchard floor.
Pseudothecia of the teleomorph, Pleospora allii, are formed on these residues where they produce ascospores. New methods were tested aimed at reducing this overwintering
inoculum and increasing the efficacy of control of brown spot of pear. Sanitation methods were evaluated in nine trials in
Girona (Spain) and Ferrara (Italy) over a 4-year period. The sanitation methods were leaf litter removal in December to February,
and application of biological control agents (commercial formulates of Trichoderma spp.) to the orchard ground cover from February to May. Fungicides were also applied to the trees during the pear-growing
season, scheduled according to the BSPcast model. The different methods were tested as stand-alone applications or in combination.
All methods consistently reduced the disease incidence at harvest on fruit with an efficacy between 30 to 60% for leaf litter
removal and more than 60% for the combination of leaf litter removal and biological control. Efficacy of sanitation alone
(leaf litter removal and biological control) in reducing the brown spot level on fruit was similar in most of the trials to
the efficacy obtained when fungicides were applied alone. However, integration of sanitation methods and fungicides did not
improve the efficacy of disease control over the level provided by fungicides alone. |
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