小兴安岭凉水自然保护区森林土壤真菌的多样性

2001年5月-9月，在小兴安岭凉水自然保护区椴树红松林、枫桦红松林、白桦林、落叶松人工林与红松人工林等林型内设立临时标准地，采用“之”字形路线及土壤剖面取样法多点采集土壤样品。采用稀释平板法和植物残渣法，选用PDA、孟加拉红和查氏3种不同的培养基分别进行真菌的分离和培养。记录不同真菌的菌落数(稀释平板法)，通过观测菌落形态、生长速度和颜色，以及在光学显微镜下观察真菌的形态特征，鉴定出了32个属的土壤真菌，其中中国新纪录属3个，即链二孢属(Bispora)、拟毛孢属(Chaetopsina)、田字孢属(Dictyoarthrinium)。研究结果表明：土壤真菌区系与森林类型、土壤剖面层次密切相关，被孢霉属(Mortierella)、青霉属(Penicillium)、木霉属(Trichoderma)及轮枝孢属(Verticillium)为小兴安岭森林土壤真菌的优势种群，椴树红松林和枫桦红松林土壤真菌数量和种类明显多于其它3种林型，下层土壤(AB、B、C层)真菌种类和数量明显少于A0和A1层。

Diversity of Soil Fungi in Liangshui Natural Reserve, Xiaoxing''''anling Forest Region

From May to September in 2001, temporary standard plots were established in such forests as linden-Korean pine forest, birch-Korean pine forest, artificial Korean pine forest, artificial larch forest and birch forest at Liangshui Natural Reserve of Xiaoxing'anling forest region. Taking soil samples by zigzag route and soil section sampling method, 88 strains were separated and cultured with different media or substrates by adopting dilution plate and plant residue methods. The number of colonies was calculated and culture characteristics were described including colony morphology, growth rate and color. Through observation of fungal morphological characteristics under light microscope, 32 fungal genera isolated from soil were identified, among which 3 genera were firstly recorded in China, they were Bispora, Chaetopsina and Dictyoarthrinium. The research results show that soil mycobiota are closely related to forest types and soil layers. It was found that Mortierella, Penicillium, Trichoderma and Verticillium were dominant groups of genera in soil. The numbers of fungal colony and genera isolated from linden-Korean pine forest and birch-Korean pine forest were much bigger than those from artificial Korean pine forest, artificial larch forest and birch forest. The fungal quantity and species or genus number in lower soil layers were much less than those in upper ones.