滇池流域环境友好作物轮作模式的选择*

 选择以云南省呈贡县大渔乡为代表的滇池流域集约化蔬菜、花卉生产区为研究区域,通过对典型农户调查和29种种植作物的养分吸收与养分平衡、15种轮作模式的周年养分平衡的研究,筛选出6种试验区域内现行的养分盈余量相对较小的轮作模式。结合合理轮作的基本原则,试验另外推荐出了3种适合于当地生产的养分流失风险较小,环境相对友好的轮作模式,即生菜-胡萝卜-西芹-茄子(氮、磷养分平均周年盈余量分别比常规轮作减少67.6%和55.6%)、甜豌豆-白菜-萝卜(氮、磷养分平均周年盈余量分别比常规轮作减少80.7%和77.9%)、勿忘我-瓢菜(氮养分平均周年盈余量比常规轮作减少68.3%,磷养分平均周年盈余量比常规轮作增加了37.4%)。

Selection of Environmental Friendly Crop Rotation Pattern in Dianchi Catchment

Typical farmers surveys and field visits were carried out in the Dianchi catchment of Dayu township,Chenggong county,Yunnan province,nutrients(N,P,K)uptake and nutrients(N,P,K)balance of 29 vegetables and flowers grown in the catchment and the annual nutrients(N,P,K)balance of 15 crop rotation patterns were analyzed and studied.Six crop rotation patterns with relative low nutrients risk to environment in the catchment were selected and recommended:(1)lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.var.angustana Irish)-carrot(Daucus carota L.)-western celery(Apium gravelens L.var.dulce D.C)-aubergine(Solanium melongen.var.sepenlinum Bailey),the annual N,P nutrients surplus are 67.6% and 55.6% less than conventional rotation patterns.(2)sweet pea(Pisum sativum var.hortense Poir)-Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris ssp.pekinensis)-radish(Raphanus sativus L.),the annual N,P nutrients surplus are 80.7% and 77.9% less than conventional rotation patterns.(3) myosotis-cole(Brassica chinensis var.communis),the annual N nutrient surplus are 68.3% less than conventional rotation patterns and P nutrient surplus are 37.4% more than conventional rotation patterns.