缓控释肥组配对机插常规粳稻群体物质生产和产量的影响

【目的】研究不同缓控释肥及施肥方式对机插常规粳稻群体光合物质生产和产量的影响。【方法】 2013-2014年在江苏省丹阳市延陵镇南京农业大学水稻试验基地进行，以当地常规粳稻武运粳24号进行机插种植，试验设置3种缓控释肥（掺混肥、4个月树脂尿素、硫包衣尿素）以及一次性施肥和一基一蘖两种施肥方式，共7个处理，分别为掺混肥的一次性基肥施用（B-BSRB）、4个月树脂尿素的一次性基肥施用（B-PCU）、硫包衣尿素的一次性基肥施用（B-SCU）、掺混肥的一基一蘖施用（BT-BSRB）、4个月树脂尿素的一基一蘖施用（BT-PCU）、硫包衣尿素的一基一蘖施用（BT-SCU）和当地高产施肥方式（CK）为对照，各处理的施氮量一致，磷钾肥用量均相同。【结果】水稻产量表现为掺混肥＞4个月树脂尿素＞硫包衣尿素，2年结果一致；一基一蘖施肥方式＞一次性施肥，掺混肥一基一蘖处理产量最高，2年产量分别为11.6 t·hm^-2和10.1 t·hm^-2，较常规高产施肥（CK）处理2年产量分别提高9.4%、12.2%。群体干物质重、叶面积指数、光合势均表现为掺混肥＞硫包衣尿素＞4个月树脂尿素；群体干物质重、叶面积指数和光合势均表现为一基一蘖施肥方式＞一次性施肥，2年结果一致。干物质积累量、群体生长率在拔节期表现为掺混肥＞硫包衣尿素＞4个月树脂尿素，但是在成熟期表现为掺混肥＞4个月树脂尿素＞硫包衣尿素，一基一蘖施肥方式＞一次性施肥。【结论】掺混肥在提高水稻群体干物质、叶面积指数、光合势及产量上优于4个月树脂包衣尿素和硫包衣尿素，一基一蘖施肥方式优于一次性施肥处理。与当地常规高产施肥相比，组配的掺混肥配合分蘖期速效氮肥的施用可以显著提高水稻群体的光合物质生产和产量。

Effects of Types of Controlled Released Nitrogen and Fertilization Modes on Yield and Dry Mass Production

【Objective】This experiment seeks to investigate the effects of different types of controlled released nitrogen and fertilization modes on the yield, characteristics of photosynthesis and dry mass production. 【Method】 Local japonica rice of Wuyunjing 24 mechanical transplanting. Four N fertilizer types (urea, slow-release fertilizer blend, polymer-coated urea, sulfur-coated urea) and two fertilization modes, the base-tiller nitrogen fertilizer and single fertilization were conducted in Danyang, Jiangsu province, China, in 2013 and 2014, seven treatment including single fertilization of slow-release fertilizer blend(B-BSRB), single fertilization of polymer-coated urea(B-PCU), single fertilization of sulfur-coated urea(B-SCU), base-tiller nitrogen fertilizer of slow-release fertilizer blend(BT-BSRB), base-tiller nitrogen fertilizer of polymer-coated urea(BT-PCU), base-tiller nitrogen fertilizer of sulfur-coated urea(BT-SCU) and conventional split fertilization (CK). 【Result】 The yield of different types of controlled released nitrogen showed that, slow-release fertilizer blend >polymer-coated urea > sulfur-coated urea. The dry matter weight of the population, Leaf area index and photosynthetic potential of different controlled released nitrogens at the growth period showed that slow-release fertilizer blend > polymer-coated urea > sulfur-coated urea. Dry matter accumulation, its proportion of distribution and crop growth rate at the jointing stage showed slow-release fertilizer blend >polymer-coated urea > sulfur-coated urea, while at the maturity stage showed slow-release fertilizer blend> sulfur-coated urea> polymer- coated urea. All of them showed a trend of base-tiller nitrogen fertilizer treatment > single fertilization treatment. The yield of slow-releasing blending fertilizer with the base-tiller nitrogen fertilizer treatment (BT-BSRB) was 11.6 and 10.1 t hm^-2 in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Compared to conventional fertilization (CK), the yield of BT-BSRB increased by 9.4、12.2%, respectively.【Conclusion】Polymer-coated urea and sulfur-coated urea were a poor application on japonica rice, while slow-release fertilizer blend can significantly increase japonica rice yield and photosynthetic material production.