花生褐斑病菌和网斑病菌混合侵染对侵染概率和潜育期的影响

目的】花生褐斑病和网斑病是花生生产上主要病害，两种病害田间混发现象普遍，造成了严重的产量损失。论文旨在研究花生褐斑病菌（Cercospora arachidicola）和网斑病菌（Phoma arachidicola）混合侵染过程中，不同因子对侵染概率和潜育期的影响，探讨病害间的相互关系，为制定多病虫害综合治理体系方案提供理论依据。【方法】在不同生育期、接种浓度和叶面保湿时间处理下，对白沙1016混合接种褐斑病菌和网斑病菌，分析不同因子对花生褐斑病菌和网斑病菌侵染概率的影响，探索病菌混合侵染与其侵染概率和潜育期的关系。【结果】单独接种2种病菌，其侵染概率均随花生生育期的延长而增加，即始花期＜盛花期＜开花末期。在同一生育期接种，随着保湿时间延长，接菌量增加，侵染概率逐渐增大。2种病菌混合接种其侵染概率有显著差异，混合接种较单独接种侵染概率均相应降低，并随着接种量的增加、生育期和保湿时间的延长，混合侵染概率较单一接种下降明显。不同生育期单一病菌接种，2种病菌的潜育期存在差异，在始花期和开花末期，褐斑病潜育期均为20 d，而在盛花期为16 d；网斑病在始花期潜育期较长为10 d，而在盛花期和开花末期均为7 d。潜育期的长短可能受叶片龄期和衰老程度的影响，病害潜育期在生育前期较长，后期相对较短，而受冠层温湿度的影响不大。混合侵染在一定程度上延长了病菌的潜育期。在始花期，混合接种褐斑病菌和网斑病菌的潜育期分别较单独接种长2 d和5 d；而在盛花期和开花末期，混合接种褐斑病菌潜育期比单独接种分别延长了4 d和2 d，网斑病潜育期没有发生明显改变，均为7 d。【结论】单独接种花生褐斑病菌和网斑病菌，侵染概率均随着生育期和保湿时间的延长和接种菌量的增加而增大，混合接种与单一接种相比，混合病菌侵染其侵染概率均较单独侵染有所降低，潜育期延长。花生褐斑病和网斑病潜育期的长短除受病菌与寄主互作影响外，可能受叶片龄期和衰老程度影响，而与冠层温湿度关系不大。

Effect of Mixed Infection of Cercospora arachidicola and Phoma arachidicola on their Infection Probability and Latent Periods

【Objective】Early leaf spot disease and web blotch disease are the most serious disease in peanuts. The symptoms of these two diseases always occur on the same plant in the late growth stage of the peanut, and cause serious yield losses in peanut production. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the factors that influence the infection probability and latent period of Cercospora arachidicola and Phoma arachidicola after mixed infection on peanuts, investigate the interactions between disease and host plants, and provide a basis for formulating comprehensive control of more diseases and pests on the same host.【Method】C. arachidicola and P. arachidicola were inoculated on susceptible cultivar, Baisha1016. In the field, different plant growth stages, inoculum concentration and leaf wetness period were constructed. The influences of the mixed infection of C. arachidicola and P. arachidicola on the infection probability and latent period were analyzed.【Result】When C. arachidicola and P. arachidicola were inoculated alone, the infection probability of both pathogens were increased with the extension of the growth stage. Specifically, the infection probability for the different growth stage of peanut was: early flowering stage