MicroRNA调节豆科作物营养胁迫响应的研究进展

micorRNA (miRNA)是一类长度为20~24个核苷酸的非编码小RNA(small RNA,sRNA),在植物生长发育、 生物和非生物胁迫响应方面起十分重要作用。越来越多的证据表明,miRNA在植物适应养分胁迫方面起重要的调节作用。豆科植物是一类具有生物固氮能力的植物,为人类提供蛋白和食用油,显然土壤养分胁迫会抑制豆科作物生长发育而降低产量。过去数十年对于miRNA介导模式植物拟南芥和水稻养分胁迫响应的研究较多,但近年来有关豆科作物养分胁迫相关的miRNA报道在增加。近年研究结果表明,miRNA通过对靶基因的调节在豆科植物适应营养胁迫中起关键作用,如感受外界养分状态的改变及维持体内养分的动态平衡。本文综述了近年来miRNA介导豆科作物适应养分胁迫的研究进展,主要对磷、 氮、 硫、 铁、 铜、 钙等养分亏缺或毒害反应的调控,讨论了miRNA调节豆科作物适应养分胁迫的机理,并对今后豆科作物miRNA的研究做出了展望。

Advances on the study of microRNA-mediated responses to nutrient stress in legume crops

MicroRNA ( miRNA ) is one kind of non-coding small RNA ( sRNA ) , and has 20-24 nucleotides in length, and plays important roles in plant growth development and in response to biotic and abiotic stress. Many evidences have shown that miRNA is crucial modulator in adaptations of plant to nutrient stress. Legume plants could fix nitrogen from atmosphere and provide proteins as well as edible oil for human being. Nutrient stresses in soils obviously inhibit legume growth and development, and result in a decrease in yield. In past decades, most studies on mediation roles of miRNA in responses to nutrient stresses in Arabidopsis and rice have been characterized, respectively. However, recent studies have witnessed emerging reports on the functions of miRNA in response to nutrient stress in legumes, and revealed crucial roles of miRNAs in adaptations of legumes to various adverse nutrient conditions via modulating activity of target genes such as sensing alteration of nutrient status and fine-tuning nutrient homeostasis. In this review, the regulation role of miRNAs in response to different nutrient stresses was reviewed, especially in response to the stresses from phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), iron ( Fe) , copper ( Cu) deficiencies and calcium ( Ca) toxicity, and the mechanisms of miRNAs involved in the adaptations of legume to different kinds of nutrient stress were discussed, and the perspective of research on nutrient-related miRNA in legume was outlined in the near future.