魔芋种芋消毒方法比较研究

魔芋软腐病属细菌性病害，危害极为严重。为控制其种传途径，根据病原菌不耐高温的特点，采用恒温浸种法进行消毒并比较与常规农用链霉素喷雾和甲醛喷雾消毒效果。结果表明：55℃水浴10 min，足以使病原菌失活，且不影响种芋发芽。在种芋表面带菌条件下消毒，28天后55℃浸种10 min发病率仅为12.0%，而1%福尔马林溶液和5×105 U/L农用链霉素喷雾消毒发病率高达46.7%和56.0%，差异达5%显著水平，后2种方法发病率低于CK的65.3%，但不显著。对已发病的种芋进行消毒处理，恒温浸种法防效为94.7%，远高于甲醛和农用链霉素的63.2%和59.2%，甲醛对种芋具有腐蚀作用。此外，恒温浸种法对白绢病和蚜虫也有灭活作用。由此可见，55℃浸种10 min，是一种高效、安全、广谱的魔芋种芋消毒方法，对于控制魔芋病害有一定的意义。

A Comparative Study on Disinfection Methods in the Parent Corm of Amorphophallus Blume

Soft rot is a bacterial disease of widely existing and being very serious on Amorphophallus Blume. In order to control the spreading of pathogens on the parent corm, a new disinfected method by immersing with constant temperature had been development for the bacteria not resisting high temperature, and a comparative study among the new method, conventional agricultural methods by spraying streptomycin and spraying formaldehyde had been conducted. The results showed that the pathogens lost activity by immersed at 55℃ for 10 min, and the germination was not affected. After 28 days of the parent corm carried pathogen on surface was disinfected, the incidence was only 12% by immersing at 55℃ for 10 min, while it was as high as 46.7% and 56.0% by spraying 1% of formalin solution and 5×105 U/L of streptomycin, and the differences were significant at 5% level. However, the incidence by the two latter methods were less than 65.3% of CK, but no significant. After disinfected the infected corm, the control effect was 94.7% by the former, which was far higher than by the formaldehyde (63.2%) and streptomycin (59.2%). In addition, southern blight and konjac aphids were killed by high temperature. It may be concluded that the new disinfected method was efficient, safe and broad, and would greatly contribute to the konjac diseases controlled.