施用保水剂对谷子抗旱保苗及产量的影响

通过研究施用保水剂对谷子出苗率、土壤水分及产量的影响，确定适宜的补水量组合，以达到谷子抗旱保苗及增产的目的。在半干旱雨养区，研究了施用保水剂PAA结合补水0 L/穴(P₀)、0.1 L/穴(P₁)、0.2 L/穴(P₂)、0.3 L/穴(P₃)、0.4 L/穴(P₄)及对照(CK)6个处理对谷子出苗率、土壤水分及产量的影响。施用保水剂结合补水的处理较CK及P0出苗早3~6天，出苗率大小依次为P₃＞P₄＞P₁＞P₂＞CK＞P0。施保水剂各处理的出苗均匀度、株高、茎粗、根长、鲜干重及土壤体积含水量均有不同程度的提高。5、10、15、20和30 cm各土层下土壤体积含水量较对照分别增加了4.6%~11%、1.2%~15.5%、1.3%~5.7%、0.9%~3.8%、1.2%~4.6%。施用保水剂结合补水各处理的产量较对照有不同程度的提高，2012年、2013年分别提高9.50%~32.43%、14.88%~35.47%；增产大小依次为P₃＞P₄＞P₁＞P₂。穴施保水剂结合补水可以提高谷子的出苗率、均匀整齐度、促进幼苗生长并提高谷子产量。其中，以穴施保水剂结合补水0.3 L/穴、0.4 L/穴时的增产效果最好。

Effects of Super Absorbent Polymer to Drought Resistance, Seedling and Yield of Millet

The less rainfall in spring in Loess Plateau of Inner Mongolia affects the emergence and yield of millet seriously, so it is a matter of great urgency to improve drought resistance of seedling of crops. This paper examined the seedling, soil moisture and yield of millet applied with PAA and different water rates. PAA application combined with water in the 6 treatments were 0 L/hole (P₀), 0.1 L/hole (P₁), 0.2 L/hole (P₂), 0.3 L/ hole (P₃), 0.4 L/hole (P₄) and control (CK), and emergence rates, soil moisture and yield of millet were measured. The emergence of PAA combined with water treatments were 3-6 days earlier than that of CK and P0, the seedling emergence rate were P₃＞P₄＞P₁＞P₂＞CK＞P₀. Treatments applied with PAA improved the emergence uniformity, plant height, stem diameter, root length, fresh and dry weight of millet and soil moisture. The soil volumetric water contents in the layers of 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm increased by 4.6%-11%, 1.2%- 15.5% , 1.3%- 5.7% , 0.9%- 3.8% and 1.2%- 4.6% , respectively. In the years of 2012 and 2013, compared with the control (CK), the yields under the application of a PAA combined with irrigation increased by 9.50%-32.43% and 14.88%-35.47%, respectively, with the increasing order as P₃＞P₄＞P₁＞P₂. Therefore, applying PAA combined with irrigation in millet could improve the germination rate and uniformity, promote the seedling growth and increase yield, and the optimization was applying PAA with irrigation 0.3 L/hole and 0.4 L/hole.