3种植物生长调节剂对花生的光合生理及产量品质的影响

为了探明花生在化学调控作用下的产量、品质变化及与之相关的光合作用机理。比较研究了初花期喷施矮壮素、缩节胺和结荚初期喷施多效唑对花生的化学调控效应。结果表明：3种植物生长调节剂均可矮化植株，增加茎粗、有效分枝数及结果数，提高花生叶片的叶绿素含量和光合速率，并在结荚期降低叶片的蒸腾速率，最终达到提高花生产量和改善花生品质的目的。其中，多效唑对增加花生叶绿素含量、降低蒸腾速率、增加产量和粗蛋白含量的调控效果最好，其产量和蛋白质含量分别比对照增加了9.0%和7.8%；而缩节胺对提高花生的光合速率调控效果最佳，其光合速率比对照增加了25.0%；矮壮素最利于改善花生的亚油酸含量，其亚油酸含量比对照增加了6.4%。综合考虑花生的产量品质和光合生理效应，多效唑对花生的化学调控增产效应最好，其次为缩节胺处理。

Effect of Three Growth Regulators on Photosynthetic Physiology, Yield and Quality of Peanut

Objective to research the photosynthetic physiology, yield and quality changes of peanut under chemical regulation. In this experiment, it was a comparative study on chemical regulation of mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol. The results showed that, three plant growth regulators decreased plant height and transpiration rate of leaf, increased stem diameter, the number of effective branch and pods, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate in peanut leaf, finally achieved the aim of increasing the yield of peanut and improving the quality of peanut. In comparison, the chemical regulation of paclobutrazol on increasing chlorophyll content, yield and crude protein content and decreasing the transpiration rate of peanut were best, and yield and crude protein content of paclobutrazol treatment were 9.0% and 7.8% more than control. The net photosynthetic rate in peanut leaves of mepiquat chloride treatments was the highest, it was 25% more than controlled. The chlormequat chloride was best for improving the linoleic acid content of peanut seed, its linoleic acid content was 6.4% more than control. In conclusion, the chemical regulating effect of paclobutrazol on pod yield, quality and photosynthetic physiology of peanut was the best, followed by the mepiquat chloride.