病原微生物药敏检测方法的研究进展

抗生素敏感试验在当前病原微生物耐药性持续增长的形势下，已成为指导临床科学合理用药不可或缺的重要环节。因此，药敏检测方法的完善与发展是快速获取科学、准确微生物耐药谱的前提，也是实现有效临床治疗的重要保障。本研究介绍了当前应用于微生物药物敏感检测的常规方法，如纸片扩散法、稀释法、Etest法等，简要分析了它们之间的优缺特性，并对近年来一些新兴发展的快速药敏检测方法进行了总结以及展望了不同类型药敏检测方法的发展和应用趋势。

Advances of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods for Pathogenic Microorganism

With the development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) has become an important and indispensable task in the clinical microbiology laboratory to detect drug resistance to pathogens and choose empirical antimicrobial agents. The operation standard of the most widely used testing methods including dilution testing and diffusion testing was continually improved. The E-test based on dilution testing and diffusion testing was convenient, accurate and quantitative, which has become a popular and acceptable AST method. In order to enhance the speed, convenience and accuracy of AST, automated instruments, auxiliary agents and novel methods were constantly developed and employed in AST. With the development of the molecular mechanism on bacterial resistance, detection of antibiotic-resistant genes using DNA probes and PCR techniques would become the effective methods.