耕作方式对烟地土壤养分流失及烟叶产质量的影响

为减少植烟地水土养分流失和实现烟叶产质量最大化，试验研究常规耕作、免耕、免耕+稻草覆盖3种耕作方式对深丘山地烤烟土壤水土流失、养分流失和烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明：与常规耕作比较，免耕和免耕+稻草覆盖均能减少水土流失，径流量分别减少9.54%，26.01%；不同耕作方式养分流失量不同，全氮和全磷流失特征表现为常规耕作＞免耕＞免耕+稻草覆盖；与常规耕作比较，免耕和免耕+稻草覆盖的全氮流失量分别减少13.68%、39.59%，全磷流失量分别减少9.72%、27.57%。免耕栽培能提高烟叶产量、产值和化学成分协调性，并以免耕+稻草覆盖效益最好，增加收益5822.85元/hm²。研究表明，免耕、免耕+稻草覆盖对减少地表径流作用明显，是遏制土壤养分流失的有效途径；免耕+稻草覆盖增产增值明显，具有推广应用价值。

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on Soil Nutrient Losses, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

In order to control water and soil loss and maximize the yield-quality of flue-cured tobacco, we studied the effects of three cultivation methods, including conventional tillage, no-tillage, no-tillage and straw mulching, on the losses of soil water and nutrient, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The result showed that no-tillage, no-tillage and straw mulching decreased the loss of soil water than conventional tillage. The runoff was reduced by 9.54% and 26.01% respectively. The loss of N, P nutrients was different among treatments, conventional tillage＞no- tillage＞no- tillage and straw mulching. Compared with conventional tillage, the loss of total nitrogen was 13.68% , 39.59% , the loss of total phosphorus was 9.72% , 27.57% respectively. The yield and quality, chemical composition were improved with no-tillage. The benefit of notillage and straw mulching was 5822.85 yuan/hm² more than conventional tillage. Studies had shown that notillage, no-tillage and straw mulching could effectively decrease surface runoff. They were effective ways to reduce soil nutrients loss. No-tillage and straw mulching had obvious yield and value increasing effects, and had high extension application value.