河西绿洲灌区春小麦配施生物菌肥对化肥减量的效应

为了改变粮食生产中化肥施量居高不下的现状，在甘肃河西绿洲灌区大田试验条件下，研究了小麦配施生物菌肥对化肥减量的效应。结果表明，小麦施用生物菌肥可提高籽粒产量和肥、水、光能利用效率。在配施生物菌肥条件下，化肥较当前高施肥水平(N 180 kg/hm2、P2O5 90 kg/hm2)减量15%和30%时，小麦的产量分别达到6428 kg/hm2、5943 kg/hm2，氮肥利用率分别为30.75%、31.66%，磷肥利用率分别为22.65%、22.74%，水分利用率分别为1.26 kg/m3、1.18 kg/m3，生育期光能利用率分别为0.69%、0.68%，证明在配施优质生物菌肥的条件下，化肥减量15%以内能够保证小麦稳产，在实际生产中是可行的。

Effects of Fertilizer Reduction on Wheat Cultivation with the Application of Biological Bacterial Fertilizer

In order to change the high status of fertilizer application amount in the grain production, the experiment with single factor design to study the feasibility of reducing fertilizer application by using the bio-fertilizer on wheat in Hexi oasis. The results showed that, using the bio-fertilizer could improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, water and light energy. Because of the biological fertilizer combined application, when fertilizer application amount was reduced to 15% and 30% on the current high fertilization level (N: 180 kg/hm2, P2O5: 90 kg/hm2), wheat yield was 6428 kg/hm2 and 5943 kg/hm2, nitrogen utilization rate was 30.75% and 31.66%, phosphorus utilization rate was 22.65% and 22.74%, water use efficiency was 1.26 kg/m3 and 1.18 kg/m3, light energy utilization rate of growth period was 0.69% and 0.68%. Trials had been obtained which was feasible that the usage of fertilizer reduced the magnitude of less than 15% in actual production under the condition of with the application of high-quality biological fertilizer.