施肥水平与种植密度对玉米产量和氮素利用的效应

为探讨不同施肥水平与种植密度对玉米产量及氮素利用的作用效应，以玉米杂交种‘桂单0810’为材料，裂区设计，设置4个施肥水平和6个种植密度，进行一年两季田间试验。结果表明：不同施肥水平与不同种植密度对玉米产量都有显著的作用效应；随着施肥水平提高，氮素利用率、氮素农学效率、氮素生理效率均有所降低，同一施肥水平随密度增加，氮素利用率、氮素农学效率、氮素生理效率均有所提高，通过调节种植密度可以较好发挥氮素的作用效率；以(A2)施纯N 225.0 kg/hm²、P2O5 75.0 kg/hm²、K2O 187.5 kg/hm²与种植密度在(B3)52500株/hm²至(B4)60000株/hm²玉米产量可达7913.2~8207.8 kg/hm²是一种较优的密、肥配合选择。

Effect of Fertilizing Level and Planting Densities on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization in Maize

Elite maize hybrid Guidan0810 was selected as material, the effect of fertilizing level and planting densities on yield and nitrogen utilization were discussed in the study. In one year two seasons’field experiments, 4 main plots (fertilization levels) and 6 subplots (planting densities) were set in a split plot design. The results suggested that yield had close relationship with fertilization levels and planting densities. Different fertilization levels and planting densities significantly affected yield. With the increase of nitrogen fertilization, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen physiological efficiency were declined. Under the same fertilization level, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen physiological efficiency were a little increase with the increase of planting density, so nitrogen efficiency could be improved by regulating planting density. The results also showed that A2 (including N 225.0 kg/hm², P2O5 75.0 kg/hm², K2O 187.5 kg/hm²) matching to B3 (52500 plants/hm²) or B4 (60000 plants/hm²) was a better design, which could obtain higher yield: 8207.8 kg/hm² and 7913.2 kg/hm², respectively.