基材物理性质对白腐真菌菌丝体生长的影响

目的]研究基材物理性质对白腐真菌菌丝体生长的影响，为进一步扩大白腐真菌的应用范围提供理论基础。方法]将粒度范围在〈0．25mm、0．25～1．00mm和〉1．00mm的3种木粉分别与鸡粪（粒度0．25～1．00mm）按质量比1：3的比例混合，用蒸馏水将含水率分别调整至50％、55％、60％、65％、70％、75％和80％，制成木粉鸡粪培养基。在平面和试管木粉鸡粪培养基中培养4种常见白腐真菌（黄孢原毛平革菌、香菇、平菇、凤尾菇），研究白腐真菌菌丝体生长与培养基材物理性质的相互关系。木粉的比重、空隙率、保水度和透水性根据Sakae Horisawa等的方法进行测定。木粉鸡粪培养基脱水率根据Sadatoshi Meguro等的方法进行测定。结果]培养基材粒度越大，比重越小，空隙率越大，基材保水能力越弱，配制成培养基后，在相同水分条件下，培养基脱水率越大。培养基材物理性质的差异首先影响的是培养基保持水分的能力，同时由于不同白腐真菌对于水分多寡的敏感程度的差异（黄孢原毛平革菌和香菇利用水分的能力较强，对于培养基水分的多寡较为敏感；而凤尾菇和平菇利用水分的能力较弱，需要较为优越的培养基水分条件），最终培养基材的物理性质对白腐真菌菌丝体的生长产生了显著影响。培养基材的各物理性质，包括粒度、比重、空隙率、保水度、透水性等通过影响培养基的水分和通气条件，与白腐真菌菌丝体生长之间形成反馈关系。培养基水分条件和通气条件分别与白腐真菌菌丝体生长存在正反馈关系，但是培养基水分条件与通气条件之间形成的却是负反馈的关系。三者共同构成了影响白腐真菌菌丝体生长的核心负反馈。培养基的含水率和木粉粒度在培养基材物理性质与白腐真菌菌丝体生长的反馈关系中只是作为外在辅助变量产生间接的影响。结论]该试验确认了培养基材各种物理性质对白腐真菌菌丝体生长产生了显著的影响，并初步推断了其影响方式和途径。

Effects of Material Physical Properties on White-rot Fungi Mycelial Growth

Objective] The research aimed to study effects of material physical properties on white-rot fungi mycelial growth and provide theoretical basis for further expanding the application range of white-rot fungi. Method Four common species of white-rot fungi were cultivated by wood meal fowl dung mixture in test tube and culture dishes. The relationship between physical properties of culture material and the growth of these mycelials were studied. Result] The results showed the water retention capacity of culture material was decreased with the increasing of its grain size and porosity, but the decrease of its specific gravity reduced the material water retention. And the dehydration rate of medium prepared with these materials at the same moisture conditions tended to increase. These physical properties of material, such as grain size, specific gravity, porosity, water retention and water drainage, influenced the growth of white-rot fungi mycelial by affecting the moisture and ventilation condition of media. The results hinted that above material physical properties had feedback effects on the growth of white-rot fungi mycelia. Conclution] Physical properties of culture material have significant effects on the growth of white-rot fungi mycelial.