江苏淮北地区夏大豆品种更替中产量及有关性状的改良与展望

本文通过对江苏淮北地区50～80年代先后推广的16个夏大豆代表品种的产量及有关性状变化的研究,看出本区大豆品种更替过程中,品种产量潜力的提高主要变化因素为:百粒重与每荚粒重的增加、收获指数的大幅度提高和生物量的稳步增长;植株矮化、节数和分枝数减少;全生育期缩短,而以鼓粒期为主的生殖生长期有所延长。本区今后大豆高产育种应在现有百粒重的基础上,协调好粒重、粒数和荚数三者关系,适当提高株荚数和每荚粒数,同时注意增加生物量,提高收获指数;生育期不宜再缩短,注意长鼓粒期的选择;进而提高育成品种的增产潜力和适应性。

THE GENETIC IMPROVEMENT PROSPECT OF SOYBEAN YIELD AND RELATIVE CHARACTERS IN THE VARIETAL REPLACEMENT OF SUMMER SOYBEANS IN THE NORTHERN HUAIHE REGION OF JIANGSU

Sixteen representative summer soybean cultivars released since 1950 's in the northern Huai-he region of Jiangsu province were used to study the evolutionary changes of yield and related characters. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design with 4 replications in 1988.The result indicated that the improvement of yield potential depended much on the steady in- crease of 100-seed weight and weight per pod, harvest index, and biomass.Besides, the imorovement of yield was closely correlated with the shortening of plant height and decreasing of the numbers of nodes on main stem and branches.The improved varieties also showed the relatively short whole growth periods but the long reproductive growth stages,especially the long pod filling periods.The result" suggested that the further yield advances could be obtaind by coordinating the relationship among seed weight per plant,the number of pods per plant,and the number of seeds per plant,based on the current 100-seed weight, also by properly increasing the number of pods per piant,the number of seeds per pod,and biomass,and furthermore increasing the harvest index.