施肥对麻栎短轮伐期炭用林土壤、叶片养分及林分生长的影响

麻栎(Quercus acutissima)短轮伐期炭用林培育模式导致大量土壤养分输出，合理施肥是改善土壤肥力，提高林分生产力的关键措施。以砍伐4轮后的3a生麻栎萌生林为研究对象，开展3种施肥类型(有机肥、复合肥和有机肥+复合肥)和2种施肥量试验，分析不同施肥处理对林木胸径、地上生物量影响以及土壤养分和叶片养分含量的变化。结果表明，不同施肥处理对林木胸径多样性没有显著影响，但增加了林木个体大小分化。不同施肥处理地上生物量定期生长量比未施肥处理增加了14.4%～39.5%，但相同施肥类型施肥量对地上生物量的影响相对较小。土壤磷有效性较低是制约林木生长的主要因素，施肥改善了土壤养分状况，尤其是显著提高了土壤磷钾有效性。施肥并没有显著改变麻栎叶片氮磷养分含量，但有利于改善林木自身营养状况。综合来看，试验区麻栎炭用林培育以有机(2 250kg·hm^-2有机肥)+无机(500 kg·hm^-2复合肥)肥料配施效果较好，这对麻栎炭用林高效经营提供了重要依据。

Effects of fertilization on the stand growth, soil and leaf nutrients in short-rotation Quercus acutissima plantation

The short-rotation plantation cultivation model of Quercus acutissima leads to higher soil nutrients output, and fertilization is a key practice to improve soil fertility and stand productivity. Taking 3-year-old Q. acutissima germination plantation after the 4^th rotation as the research object, we chose three types of fertilization (organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer + compound fertilizer) at two levels to investigate the variations of tree diameter at breast height (DBH), aboveground biomass, and soil and leaf nutrient contents under different fertilization treatments. The results showed that different fertilization treatments had no significant effect on DBH diversity, but which increased the differentiation of tree individual size. The periodic growth of aboveground biomass in different fertilization treatments increased by 14.4% - 39.5% compared with no fertilization application, but the effect of the fertilization levels at the same fertilization type on the aboveground biomass was relatively smaller. Low soil phosphorus availability was the main factor affecting the tree growth. Fertilization improved soil nutrient status, especially significantly increased soil phosphorus and kalium availability. Fertilization did not significantly change the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves of Q. acutissima, but it was beneficial to the improvement of the nutritional status of the trees. Taken together, the combination of organic fertilizers (2 250 kg·hm^-2 organic fertilizer) + inorganic (500 kg·hm^-2 compound fertilizer) is recommended for the cultivation of Q. acutissima plantations in the study area, which is of great significance to the efficient management of Q. acutissima plantations.