东北地区农业系统发展的阶段性特征

农业作为国民经济的基础,具有较强的内在有机性和外部关联性。宏观地考察农业系统的演变历史及发展规律,对于客观判断农业结构变动是否合理以及功能衍变是否良性,具有重要意义。东北地区农业系统的发展经历了4个阶段(渔猎系统同采集系统的分化阶段,农牧系统同渔猎系统的分化阶段,农牧渔猎长期共存互补阶段以及农耕系统同畜牧系统的分化阶段)。在每个发展阶段,农业系统的结构形式和功能表现均有所不同,其发展趋势是系统结构的多元化和功能的稳态化。

Characteristics of agricultural system at different development stages in Northeastern China

Agriculture,as the foundation of the national economy,has its strong internal organic system as well as its relevance with the external world.Therefore,it is of great significance to analyze evolution of agricultural system from a historical perspective in a macroscopic view and to objectively judge the reasonableness of the structural change of agricultural system and its functional evolvement.The paper explored that development of agricultural systems experienced four stages in the Northeast of China historically,which were: 1) the differentiation stage between the hunting and fishing system and the acquisition system;2) the differentiation stage between the agricultural and pastoral system and the fishing and hunting;3) the long-term complementary coexistence phase of agriculture,animal husbandry,fishing and hunting;and 4) the differentiation stage of the farming system and the livestock system.At each stage,organizational form and function of the agricultural system structure were different;and the system development trend was the structure plurality and function stability.Finally,the paper summarized factors of promoting evolution of the agricultural system in Northeastern of China,which included ecological constraints and climate disturbance;war famine and pastoral policies;migration and economic exchange;cultural radiation and technological diffusion;religion and dietary customs;and transportation conditions and market exchange etc.