盐水灌溉对7属11种暖季型草坪草生长的影响及抗盐性差异

以7属11种13份暖季型草坪草为材料，通过采用土培结合盐水（20 g·L-1 NaCl）灌溉的方法，研究了其营养器官对盐胁迫的生长反应及抗盐性差异。结果表明，除结缕草（Zoysia japonica）‘Z080’的冠层干质量外，盐胁迫显著抑制了草坪草的地上部分（叶片枯黄率、枝叶修剪干质量、冠层干质量和地上部分总干质量）生长。盐胁迫下，具有地下茎的草除对盐非常敏感的巴哈雀稗（Paspalum notatum）‘Pan1’死亡外，其他草生长受到促进或影响不显著。盐胁迫对根系的影响比较复杂，对盐非常敏感的草种如巴哈雀稗‘Pan1’、假俭草（Eremochloa ophiuroides） ‘Tifbliar’和‘E126’的根系已经死亡，抗盐性较弱的草种如牛鞭草（Hemarthria sibirica）‘H001’和双穗雀稗（P.distichum）‘P011’的根系生长受到抑制，而其余抗盐强或中等的草种根系生长受到促进或不受影响。同一指标在盐胁迫下草种间的变异很大，说明草种间存在较大的抗盐性变异。根据主要指标的平均隶属函数值，13份草坪草的相对抗盐性为海雀稗（P.vaginatum）‘Adalayd’>沟叶结缕草（Z.matrella） ‘Diamond’>结缕草‘Z080’>钝叶草（Stenotaphrum secundatum） ‘S004’>狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon） ‘南京’>结缕草‘兰引3号’>杂交狗牙根（C.transvaalensis×C.dactylon） ‘Tifway’>双穗雀稗 ‘P011’>野牛草（Buchloe dactyloides） ‘B003’>牛鞭草‘H001’>巴哈雀稗‘Pan1’>假俭草‘Tifbliar’>假俭草‘E126’。土培法的相对抗盐评价结果基本上与水培法一致。

Effects of saline water irrigation on growth of 7 genera and 11 species of warm season turfgrasses and their salinity tolerance difference

This experiment was conducted to study the growth response and salinity tolerance difference of 13 warm season turfgrasses,belonging to 7 genera and 11 species,to saline water irrigation(20 g·L-1 NaCl) combined with soil culture.The results showed that leaf firing percentage was increased and above-ground growth(including total shoot clipping weight,dry crown weight and total above-ground weight) was significantly reduced in all turfgrasses under salinity stress except dry crown weight of ’Z080’ zoysiagrass(Zoysia japonica).Rhizome growth was promoted or unaffected by salinity stress in most turfgrasses except very salt-sensitive ’Pan1’ bahiagrass(Paspalum notatum).Root growth response was more diverse among turfgrasses.Roots had died in some very salt-sensitive turfgrasses (’Pan1’ bahiagrass,’Tifbliar’ and ’E126’ centipedegrass(Eremochloa ophiuroides)].Root weight was decreased in some less salt-tolerance turfgrasses (’P011’ knotgrass(P.distichum)and ’H001’ limpograss(Hemarthria sibirica)],and promoted or unaffected in other turfgrasses with high or intermediate tolerance.The significant difference of same index among turfgrasses indicated that there were significant salinity tolerance differences in these turfgrasses.Salinity tolerance decreased in the following order according to the method of subordinate function: ’Adalayd’ seashore paspalum(P.vaginatum)>’Diamond’ manilagrass(Z.matrella>’Z080’ Japanese zoysiagrass>’S004’ St.Augustinegrass(Stenotaphrum secundatum)>’Nanjing’ common bermudagrass(Cynodon dactylon)>’Lanyin 3’ Japanese zoysiagrass>’Tifway’ Hybrid bermudagrass(C.transvaalensis×C.dactylon)>’P011’ knotgrass>’B003’ buffalo grass(Buchloe dactyloides)>’H001’ limpograss>’Pan1’ bahiagrass>’Tifbliar’ centipedegrass>’E126’ centipedegrass.Relative salinity tolerance in the soil culture experiment was basically coincident with that in the hydroponic culture experiment.