国内不同地区花生品种主要农艺性状的比较

为明确不同地区花生品种主要性状差异以及为引种工作提供依据,根据花生品种区域试验结果,对国内审(鉴)定的688个花生品种进行育种方法、主要农艺性状和产量性状分析。结果表明,审(鉴)定品种中有85.3%的品种由杂交选育而成,其中,单交占75.1%,单交是国内花生品种选育的主要杂交方式。不同省份品种在产量和主要农艺性状上存在显著差异,株高、侧枝长、单株分枝数、单株果枝数极差分别为17.2 cm、18.1 cm、2.7个和2.2个;百果重、百仁重和出仁率极差分别为41.46 g、18.36 g和8.46%;果仁脂肪含量和蛋白质含量极差为4.08%和3.77%;产量极差1107.45 kg/hm2。南方花生区品种单株分枝数和果枝数较少,黄河流域花生区品种百果重和百仁重较高,长江流域花生区品种脂肪含量较高,南方花生区品种蛋白质含量较高。

Comparative Analysis of Main Agronomic Characters of Domestic Arachis hypogaea Varieties

To identify main characters of peanut varieties in various areas, and providing basis for related variety introduction, according to the results of regional test, we analyzed the breeding methods, main agronomic characters and yield traits of 688 authorized or identified peanut varieties in China. The results showed that 85.3% of the varieties were selected from cross breeding, in which simple crossing accounted for about 75.1%, and was the main method for the variety selection. Significant differences were existed in main characters among varieties from different provinces, the range of plant height, lateral branch length, branch number per plant and fruit branch per plant was 17.2 cm, 18.1 cm, 2.7 and 2.2, respectively, the range of 100 pod weight, 100 kernel weight and kernel rate was 41.46 g, 18.36 g and 8.46%, respectively, the range of fat content and protein content was 4.08% and 3.77%, respectively, and the range of yield was 1107.45 kg/hm². Fewer branches & fruit branch per plant were observed in southern varieties, and higher 100 pod and kernel weight were observed in varieties from Yellow River basin. Varieties from Yangtze River basin had higher fat contents and southern varieties had higher protein contents.