我国马铃薯疮痂病及其防治研究进展

马铃薯疮痂病(potato common scab)是由放线菌目链霉菌属的链霉菌Streptomyces spp.引起的土传兼种传病害,广泛分布于世界各马铃薯种植区,不仅影响马铃薯的外观品质和销售价格,严重时还会导致马铃薯出苗延迟甚至引起幼苗死亡,造成产量下降,给马铃薯产业带来巨大的经济损失,已经成为全球危害马铃薯生产的第四大病害。2015年我国确立马铃薯主粮化战略,推动了马铃薯产业的发展。近年来,随着种植区域和规模不断扩大,马铃薯疮痂病在我国很多省(自治区)有不同程度的发生,并有逐年扩大和加重的趋势,严重影响商品薯、加工原料薯和种薯的生产,成为制约我国马铃薯生产的主要病害。本文对马铃薯疮痂病症状、发病因素、传播规律、致病机理、分类方法以及我国马铃薯疮痂病发生情况、种类及分布进行归纳,并对马铃薯疮痂病防治措施进行总结,以期为我国马铃薯疮痂病的研究和防治奠定理论基础。

Research progress on potato common scab disease in China and its control measures

Potato common scab is caused by the soil borne bacterial pathogen Streptomyces spp., which belongs to Streptomyces of Actinomyces. It is widely distributed in potato planting areas all over the world, which not only affects the appearance quality and price of potatoes, but also delays the emergence of potatoes and even causes the death of seedlings in severe cases, resulting in a decline in yield and enormous economic losses to the potato industry. It has become the fourth major disease endangering potato production worldwide. In 2015, China established the strategy of using potatoes as a staple food, which further promoted the development of potato industry. With the continuous expansion of potato planting areas and scales, potato common scab has occurred to varying degrees in many provinces (autonomous regions) in China in recent years, which has seriously affected the production of commercial potatoes, processed raw potatoes and seed potatoes, and has been expanding and aggravating year by year. The potato common scab has become the main disease restricting potato production in China. In this study, we summarized the symptoms, pathogenic factors, transmission routes, pathogenic mechanism and classification methods of potato common scab and its occurrence, species and distribution, and also sorted out the prevention and control measures in order to lay a theoretical foundation for the research and control of potato common scab in China.