阿尔泰山布尔津林区不同草地类型物种多样性特征与生产力的关系

为探讨物种多样性与地上生物量的相关性以及物种多样性的垂直变化特征。以阿尔泰山布尔津林区5种草地类型为研究对象,通过对布尔津林区各草地类型的调查,分析了阿尔泰山布尔津林区各草地类型的物种多样性变化特征。结果表明:(1)5个草地群落类型地上生物量差异明显,荒漠草原和山地草甸草原较低,山地草原最高,而山地草甸和高寒草甸处于两者之间。(2)各草地类型群落间的物种多样性指数、优势度指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数有明显差异,高寒草甸的物种优势度、多样性和均匀度的情况最好,山地草原的丰富度显著优于各草地类型的丰富度。(3)地上生物量只与山地草甸草原山地草甸中优势度和多样性有极显著相关关系,与荒漠草原物种多样性没有表现出显著相关。(4)在海拔900～2 400 m的范围内,草地群落的物种优势度、丰富度、均匀度和多样性指数变化基本一致,均表现为先上升后下降再上升的趋势,峰值出现在1 200～1 400,2 200～2 400 m的地带。研究结果对深入理解阿尔泰山布尔津林区草地资源的空间分布格局及可持续利用具有重要的意义。

Relationship Between Species Diversity and Productivity of Different Grassland Types in Buerjin Forest Area of Altai Mountains

To explore the correlation of species diversity and aboveground biomass and the vertical variation of species diversity, taking five grassland types in the Buerjin forest area of Altai mountains as the research object, the species diversity change characteristics of various grassland types were analyzed through the investigation of various grassland types in Buerjin forest area in Altai Mountains. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in aboveground biomass among the five grassland community types. The aboveground biomass of the desert grassland and mountain meadow grassland was lower, that of the mountain grassland was the highest, while that of the mountain meadow and alpine meadow was between them. (2) There are significant differences in the species diversity index, dominance index, richness index and evenness index among different grassland types. The species dominance, diversity and evenness of alpine meadows were the best, and the abundance of the mountain grasslands was significantly better than that of other grassland types. (3) Aboveground biomass was only significantly related to dominance and diversity in mountain meadow grassland and mountain meadow, but there was no significant correlation between aboveground biomass and species diversity in desert grassland. (4) In the range of 900~2 400 m above sea level, the changes of the species dominance, richness, evenness and diversity index of grassland communities were basically the same, showing a trend of first rising, then falling and then rising, reaching peaks in the 1 200~1 400 and 2 200~2 400 m zones. The results would provide some conference and further understanding for the distribution pattern of grassland and its functions in the Buerjin forest area of Altai mountais.