有机硅助剂在苹果炭疽叶枯病化学防控中的减药增效作用评价

有机硅助剂具有低毒、易降解的特性,可提高农药的药液展布性和渗透性。本研究分别采用室内离体叶片法和田间试验评价了2种有机硅助剂对吡唑醚菌酯和代森锰锌防治苹果炭疽叶枯病的减药增效作用。室内离体试验结果表明,杀菌剂浓度减半的处理以及模拟雨水冲刷处理均导致吡唑醚菌酯和代森锰锌的防效显著下降;而添加了有机硅助剂后,2种处理的防效显著提高,并且恢复到与正常施药量相同的水平。田间试验结果表明,正常情况下杀菌剂浓度减半后防效显著下降;而施用有机硅助剂后,浓度减半的吡唑醚菌酯和代森锰锌的防效显著高于不施用有机硅的处理。本研究结果表明,施用有机硅助剂可以在减少化学农药实际用量的情况下,保持较高的防效,这对于化学农药的减施增效具有重要意义。

Evaluation of increasing control effect and reducing fungicide effect of organosilicon adjuvant on chemical control of Glomerella apple leaf spot

Organosilicon adjuvant has the characteristics of low toxicity and easy degradation, which can improve the spread and permeability of fungicides. In this study, the indoor in vitro leaf method and the field experiment were conducted to evaluate the effect of two organosilicon adjuvants on pyraclostrobin and mancozeb against Glomerella apple leaf spot. Indoor in vitro experiment showed that both the treatment of halving the concentration of the fungicide and the treatment of simulated rain washing resulted in a significant decrease in the control effect of pyraclostrobin and mancozeb. After the addition of organosilicon adjuvant, the control effect of the two treatments was significantly improved and returned to the same level as the normal dosage. Field experiment showed that the control effect of the fungicide decreased significantly after the concentration of the fungicide was halved under normal application conditions. After the application of organosilicon adjuvant, the control effect of pyraclostrobin and mancozeb with the concentration reduced by half was higher than that of treatment without organosilicon. The above results indicate that the application of organosilicon adjuvant can reduce the actual use of chemical fungicide in the case of maintaining a high control effect, which is of great significance for reducing chemical pesticides and improving the effect.